The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, during the final 17 days of Joe Biden‘s presidency, and will end in 2027. It will meet during the first two years of Donald Trump‘s second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House, won the majority in the Senate, and upon Trump’s second inauguration on January 20, 2025, will have an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress in 2017, which was in session during Trump’s first term.
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress in 1931, and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride of Delaware).[1][2]
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history, Representative Sarah McBride (D–DE).[2][3] It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of U.S. senators.[4][b]
Despite a trifecta, the first year of the Congress saw the lowest number of House votes in a nonelection year since the 101st Congress in 1990.[5]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[11][12]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, among the narrowest controlling majorities in House history with the 65th Congress.[13]Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[14]
Comprising 80% of the membership of the House of Representatives and 89% of the Senate, Baby boomers and Generation X remained the largest generations represented in Congress after having comprised more than 80% of the membership of both chambers since at least the 115th United States Congress and Baby boomers alone comprising the majority of the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 106th United States Congress and the 111th United States Congress respectively.[16][17]
March 6, 2025: The House votes 224–198 (2 present) to censure Representative Al Green (D) of Texas for repeatedly disrupting (by speaking out of turn) President Donald Trump’s address to a joint session of Congress.[22]
S.Res.377: Executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
H.Con.Res.86: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Mitch |date=2025-01-21 |title=Ashley Moody sworn in as U.S. senator, while Marco Rubio takes over at State • Florida Phoenix |url=https://floridaphoenix.com/2025/01/21/ashley-moody-sworn-in-as-u-s-senator-while-marco-rubio-takes-over-at-state/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Florida Phoenix |language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[g]
{{cite web |last=Shabad |first=Rebecca |date=November 22, 2024 |title=Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn't Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump's Pick for Attorney General |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/matt-gaetz-says-doesnt-plan-rejoin-congress-withdrawing-name-attorney-rcna181378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241122180638/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/matt-gaetz-says-doesnt-plan-rejoin-congress-withdrawing-name-attorney-rcna181378 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=November 12, 2024 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[k]
215
0
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bullis |first=Hailey |date=2025-04-02 |title=Republicans projected to win two Florida special elections, boosting US House majority |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pair-florida-elections-could-boost-republicans-slim-us-house-majority-2025-04-01/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[l]
{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/02/02/congress/christian-menefee-swearing-in-00760565|title=Menefee to be sworn in|work=[[Politico]]|last=Lee Hill|first=Meredith|date=February 2, 2026|access-date=February 2, 2026|language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[m]
{{cite web |title=Walkinshaw sworn into Congress after win in Virginia special election |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2025/09/09/connolly-11th-congressional-election-walkinshaw-whitson/ |publisher=Washington Post |date=10 September 2025}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[o]
{{cite web |last1=Kamisar |first1=Ben |last2=Bowman |first2=Bridget |title=Republicans win Georgia race — but Democrats post largest swing yet in special House elections |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/republicans-win-georgia-race-democrats-post-largest-swing-yet-special-rcna267192 |website=NBC News |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=8 April 2026}}</ref> He was sworn in on April 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rep. Clayton Fuller Ceremonial Swearing-in |url=https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/rep-clay-fuller-ceremonial-swearing-in/677333 |website=C-SPAN |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=14 April 2026}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[r]
March 9, 2026{{cite web |last1=Coronell Uribe |first1=Raquel |last2=Stewart |first2=Kyle |title=Rep. Eric Swalwell plans to resign from Congress after accusations of sexual assault |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-eric-swalwell-resigns-congress-sexual-assault-allegations-rcna331629 |website=NBC News |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=14 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Vakil |first=Caroline |title=Progressive wins special election to fill Swalwell’s California House seat |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/6034868-wahab-wins-california-house-special-election/ |website=The Hill |access-date=20 August 2026 |language=en |date=20 August 2026}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[u][r]
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.
Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[76] A special election was held on April 1, 2025.
style=\”color:black; background-color:</span><span typeof=\”mw:Nowiki\” about=\”#mwt2373\”></span><span about=\”#mwt2373\”>#FFB6B6\”</span>”},{“html”:””}]]}’>Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA)
style=\”color:black; background-color:</span><span typeof=\”mw:Nowiki\” about=\”#mwt2379\”></span><span about=\”#mwt2379\”>#FFB6B6\”</span>”},{“html”:””}]]}’>Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
↑Maine, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation; however, Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
↑All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
123In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[38]
↑Independent Kevin Kiley caucuses with the Republicans.
123In Florida’s1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress, and Jimmy Patronis was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[39]
↑In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[67]
↑Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
12 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
↑The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history, Representative Sarah McBride (D–DE).[2][3] It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of U.S. senators.[4][b]
Despite a trifecta, the first year of the Congress saw the lowest number of House votes in a nonelection year since the 101st Congress in 1990.[5]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[11][12]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, among the narrowest controlling majorities in House history with the 65th Congress.[13]Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[14]
Comprising 80% of the membership of the House of Representatives and 89% of the Senate, Baby boomers and Generation X remained the largest generations represented in Congress after having comprised more than 80% of the membership of both chambers since at least the 115th United States Congress and Baby boomers alone comprising the majority of the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 106th United States Congress and the 111th United States Congress respectively.[16][17]
March 6, 2025: The House votes 224–198 (2 present) to censure Representative Al Green (D) of Texas for repeatedly disrupting (by speaking out of turn) President Donald Trump’s address to a joint session of Congress.[22]
S.Res.377: Executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
H.Con.Res.86: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.
{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Mitch |date=2025-01-21 |title=Ashley Moody sworn in as U.S. senator, while Marco Rubio takes over at State • Florida Phoenix |url=https://floridaphoenix.com/2025/01/21/ashley-moody-sworn-in-as-u-s-senator-while-marco-rubio-takes-over-at-state/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Florida Phoenix |language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[g]
{{cite web |last=Shabad |first=Rebecca |date=November 22, 2024 |title=Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn't Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump's Pick for Attorney General |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/matt-gaetz-says-doesnt-plan-rejoin-congress-withdrawing-name-attorney-rcna181378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241122180638/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/matt-gaetz-says-doesnt-plan-rejoin-congress-withdrawing-name-attorney-rcna181378 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=November 12, 2024 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[k]
215
0
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bullis |first=Hailey |date=2025-04-02 |title=Republicans projected to win two Florida special elections, boosting US House majority |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pair-florida-elections-could-boost-republicans-slim-us-house-majority-2025-04-01/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[l]
{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2026/02/02/congress/christian-menefee-swearing-in-00760565|title=Menefee to be sworn in|work=[[Politico]]|last=Lee Hill|first=Meredith|date=February 2, 2026|access-date=February 2, 2026|language=en-US}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[m]
{{cite web |title=Walkinshaw sworn into Congress after win in Virginia special election |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2025/09/09/connolly-11th-congressional-election-walkinshaw-whitson/ |publisher=Washington Post |date=10 September 2025}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[o]
{{cite web |last1=Kamisar |first1=Ben |last2=Bowman |first2=Bridget |title=Republicans win Georgia race — but Democrats post largest swing yet in special House elections |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/republicans-win-georgia-race-democrats-post-largest-swing-yet-special-rcna267192 |website=NBC News |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=8 April 2026}}</ref> He was sworn in on April 14, 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rep. Clayton Fuller Ceremonial Swearing-in |url=https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/rep-clay-fuller-ceremonial-swearing-in/677333 |website=C-SPAN |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=14 April 2026}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[r]
March 9, 2026{{cite web |last1=Coronell Uribe |first1=Raquel |last2=Stewart |first2=Kyle |title=Rep. Eric Swalwell plans to resign from Congress after accusations of sexual assault |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-eric-swalwell-resigns-congress-sexual-assault-allegations-rcna331629 |website=NBC News |access-date=14 April 2026 |language=en |date=14 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Vakil |first=Caroline |title=Progressive wins special election to fill Swalwell’s California House seat |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/6034868-wahab-wins-california-house-special-election/ |website=The Hill |access-date=20 August 2026 |language=en |date=20 August 2026}}</ref>”}},”i”:0}}]}’>[u][r]
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.
Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[76] A special election was held on April 1, 2025.
style=\”color:black; background-color:</span><span typeof=\”mw:Nowiki\” about=\”#mwt2373\”></span><span about=\”#mwt2373\”>#FFB6B6\”</span>”},{“html”:””}]]}’>Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA)
style=\”color:black; background-color:</span><span typeof=\”mw:Nowiki\” about=\”#mwt2379\”></span><span about=\”#mwt2379\”>#FFB6B6\”</span>”},{“html”:””}]]}’>Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
↑Maine, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation; however, Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
↑All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
123In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[38]
↑Independent Kevin Kiley caucuses with the Republicans.
123In Florida’s1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress, and Jimmy Patronis was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[39]
↑In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[67]
↑Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
12 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
↑The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
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