Summary
Nanotechnology is one of 3 issues that US onAir curators are focusing on in the Science & Tech category.
The vision of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to ongoing revolutions in technology and industry that benefit society.
The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a U.S. Government research and development (R&D) initiative. Over thirty Federal departments, independent agencies, and commissions work together toward the shared vision of a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to ongoing revolutions in technology and industry that benefit society. The NNI enhances interagency coordination of nanotechnology R&D, supports a shared infrastructure, enables leveraging of resources while avoiding duplication, and establishes shared goals, priorities, and strategies that complement agency-specific missions and activities.
TechScience Talk – 07/05/2023 (09:49)
Welcome to our YouTube channel, where we explore the fascinating world of science and technology. In this video, we will be discussing the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials. We will be looking at some of the most innovative research and development taking place in this field and the potential impact it could have on our world. So, sit back and join us for an exciting journey into the world of nanotechnology.
OnAir Post: Nanotechnology
News
Felice Frankel, co-author of “No Small Matter,” describes the process of visually expressing the nano world.
The Global Nanotechnology in Medical Devices Market Size was valued at USD 863.17 Million in 2022, and it is expected to reach USD 2152.49 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 12.10% during the forecast period (2023-2030).
Nanotechnology in medical devices represents a groundbreaking intersection of medicine and technology, leveraging nano-scale materials to innovate diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring tools. The market is propelled by the imperative need for precise and minimally invasive medical solutions, driving significant investments and research initiatives worldwide. Key factors driving this market include the potential for enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved patient outcomes.
Market Dynamics:
The market dynamics of nanotechnology in medical devices are characterized by a blend of technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and evolving healthcare demands. Continuous innovation in nanomaterials and fabrication techniques, coupled with increasing acceptance of nanotechnology-based solutions, fuels market growth. Moreover, stringent regulations ensuring the safety and efficacy of these devices and growing investment in research and development further propel the market forward. Additionally, rising chronic diseases and the aging population contribute to the increasing adoption of nanotechnology in medical devices to address unmet medical needs effectively.
About
Check the Science & Technology post for the party positions, committees, government agencies related to Nanotechnology Issues.
Challenges
1. Toxicity and Biocompatibility
- Ensuring the safety of nanoparticles in humans and the environment
- Assessing potential toxicity and long-term effects
- Developing non-toxic and biocompatible materials
2. Scalability and Production
- Scaling up nanomaterial synthesis and manufacturing to meet demand
- Maintaining quality control and consistency
- Reducing costs to make nanotechnology commercially viable
3. Characterization and Testing
- Developing reliable methods to characterize and measure nanomaterials
- Understanding the properties and behavior of nanoparticles at different scales
- Testing for performance, stability, and safety
4. Regulatory Landscape
- Establishing clear regulations and standards for nanotechnology
- Addressing concerns about potential environmental and health impacts
- Ensuring ethical and responsible use
5. Interdisciplinary Collaboration
- Fostering collaboration between scientists, engineers, toxicologists, clinicians, and social scientists
- Integrating knowledge from multiple fields to address complex challenges
6. Education and Public Awareness
- Educating researchers, students, and the public about nanotechnology
- Dispelling myths and addressing concerns
- Building trust and support for nanotechnology
7. Environmental Impact
- Assessing the potential impact of nanomaterials on ecosystems
- Developing sustainable nanotechnologies that minimize environmental risks
- Managing the disposal and recycling of nanomaterials
8. Ethical and Societal Implications
- Considering the potential societal impacts of nanotechnology
- Addressing concerns about privacy, security, and equity
- Ensuring responsible and ethical development and use
9. Funding and Investment
- Securing adequate funding for nanotechnology research and development
- Attracting investors and encouraging innovation
- Prioritizing areas of research with the greatest potential impact
10. Standardization and Interoperability
- Developing standardized protocols and methods for nanomaterial characterization and testing
- Enabling compatibility and interoperability between different nanotechnology platforms
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
Solutions
1. Propulsion and Power Systems
- Advanced Ion Propulsion: High-efficiency ion thrusters that enable faster and more economical space travel.
- Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Utilizes nuclear energy to heat propellant, providing higher thrust and specific impulse.
- Plasma Propulsion: Creates thrust by accelerating plasma, offering high power and efficiency.
2. Life Support and Health
- Bioregenerative Life Support Systems: Closed-loop systems that recycle oxygen, water, and nutrients for extended space missions.
- Radiation Shielding: Materials and technologies that protect astronauts from harmful space radiation.
- Telemedicine and Telehealth: Advanced healthcare systems that provide medical care remotely.
3. Environmental Control and Protection
- Advanced Materials: Heat-resistant and radiation-resistant materials for spacecraft and habitats.
- Autonomous Environmental Control: Systems that automatically regulate temperature, atmosphere, and waste management.
- Planetary Surface Habitat Design: Structures optimized for extreme environments and long-duration missions.
4. Robotics and Autonomy
- Advanced Robotics: Robots for exploration, maintenance, and construction tasks.
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systems that enable autonomous decision-making and mission planning.
- Teleoperation and Human-Robot Interaction: Advanced control methods that allow humans to remotely operate robots.
5. Communications and Navigation
- High-Power Laser Communications: Optical technology that enables high-bandwidth data transmission over long distances.
- Space-Based GPS: Enhanced GPS systems for precise navigation and positioning.
- Deep Space Network Improvements: Upgrades to ground-based communication and tracking infrastructure.
6. Mission Planning and Operations
- Artificial Intelligence for Mission Planning: AI-powered systems that optimize trajectories, minimize fuel consumption, and reduce risk.
- Autonomous Mission Execution: Systems that enable spacecraft to autonomously navigate and respond to unexpected events.
- Real-Time Monitoring and Control: Advanced telemetry and remote control systems.
7. Science and Exploration
- Advanced Scientific Instrumentation: Miniaturized and more sensitive scientific instruments for studying celestial objects.
- Sample Return Missions: Missions that bring back samples from distant planets and moons for scientific analysis.
- Robotic Precursor Missions: Unmanned missions that prepare for human exploration by identifying hazards and assessing resources.
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
Websites
Government Agencies:
- National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI): https://www.nano.gov/
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): https://www.nist.gov/topics/nanotechnology
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/nanotechnology
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA): https://www.fda.gov/science-research/nanoscience-nanotechnology
Research Institutions:
- California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI): https://cnsi.ucla.edu/
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical Engineering (NIMED): https://nimedonline.org/
- IBM Research – Almaden: https://research.ibm.com/labs/almaden
Professional Organizations:
- Materials Research Society (MRS): https://www.mrs.org/
- American Chemical Society (ACS): https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/grants/nsf/nsf-research-centers/nserc-background.html
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): https://www.ieee.org/
- American Physical Society (APS): https://www.aps.org/
International Collaborations:
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO): https://www.iso.org/
- World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nanomaterials
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): https://www.oecd.org/
Industry and Non-Profit Organizations:
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA): https://www.nanotechia.org/
- Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN): https://www.nanotechproject.org/
- Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN): https://www.crnano.org/
Databases and Resources:
- NanoDatabase: http://www.nanodb.org/
- NIST NanoPortal: https://nanotechweb.org/
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
Legislation & Orders
See Congress.Gov links below for latest updates and for learning what bills your representatives are sponsoring.
Laws & Appropriations
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
1. Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (2003)
- Established the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a multi-agency research and development program.
- Provided funding for research, education, and infrastructure development.
2. 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (2006)
- Reauthorized and expanded the NNI.
- Established the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) to coordinate federal nanotechnology efforts.
3. National Nanotechnology Initiative Amendments Act (2016)
- Extended the authorization of the NNI through 2026.
- Enhanced focus on ethical, legal, and societal implications (ELSI) of nanotechnology.
4. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs
- Provide federal funding for small businesses to conduct research and develop nanotechnologies.
- Help translate nanotechnology research into commercial applications.
5. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
- Requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate new and existing chemicals, including nanomaterials.
- Governs the manufacture, import, and use of nanomaterials.
6. National Cancer Act (1971)
- Provides funding for research on the use of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
- Supports the development of nanotechnologies for targeted drug delivery and imaging.
7. Food Drug & Cosmetics Act (FD&C Act)
- Gives the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate the safety and efficacy of food, drugs, and cosmetics.
- Includes provisions related to the use of nanomaterials in food and medical products.
8. Sunscreen Innovation Act (2014)
- Authorizes the use of certain nanomaterials as active sunscreen ingredients.
- Sets safety standards and labeling requirements for nano-based sunscreens.
9. Modernizing America’s Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Act of 2022 (Food and Drug Omnibus Reform Act, FDORA)
- Includes provisions to streamline the regulatory process for nanomaterials used in food and cosmetics.
- Supports the development and use of innovative nanotechnologies in healthcare.
Executive Orders
Executive Orders for Addressing Nanotechnology Challenges
Executive Order 13920: Advancing Nanotechnology for Economic Growth in the 21st Century (2020)
- Challenge: Foster economic growth and job creation through nanotechnology advancements.
- Key Provisions:
- Establishes a National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Steering Council to coordinate federal nanotechnology research and development.
- Directs agencies to develop a strategic plan for federal nanotechnology investments.
- Promotes public-private partnerships and investment in nanotechnology clusters.
- Encourages the development of standards and regulations for nanotechnology products.
Executive Order 13366: Research in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (2004)
- Challenge: Accelerate basic research and advance understanding of nanotechnology.
- Key Provisions:
- Establishes the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) as a central hub for coordinating federal nanoscience and engineering research.
- Provides funding for fundamental research in nanomaterials, nanodevices, and nanosystems.
- Promotes interagency collaboration and partnerships with academia and industry.
Executive Order 13440: Nanotechnology for Homeland Security (2007)
- Challenge: Enhance national security through nanotechnology applications.
- Key Provisions:
- Establishes the Nanoscale Science and Technology for Homeland Security (NSTHS) Program to support research and development of nanotechnology solutions for homeland security challenges.
- Identifies key areas for nanotechnology applications, such as biodefense, border security, and emergency response.
- Promotes collaboration between federal agencies, academia, and industry.
Executive Order 13496: Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure (2008)
- Challenge: Protect federal and critical infrastructure networks from cyber threats.
- Key Provisions:
- Includes nanotechnology as a potential solution for addressing cybersecurity challenges.
- Encourages research and development of nanotechnology-enabled security technologies, such as nanodevices for encryption and secure communication.
- Promotes partnerships between government, academia, and industry to advance cybersecurity innovations.
Executive Order 13532: Revitalizing American Manufacturing (2009)
- Challenge: Revitalize American manufacturing through advanced technologies, including nanotechnology.
- Key Provisions:
- Recognizes nanotechnology as a key driver for innovation and job creation in manufacturing.
- Supports the establishment of manufacturing innovation institutes to advance nanotechnology research and development for commercial applications.
- Promotes collaboration between academia, industry, and federal agencies to strengthen the manufacturing sector.
Committees, Agencies, & Programs
Subcommittees
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
House of Representatives Committees:
- Committee on Science, Space, and Technology:
- Subcommittee on Research and Technology
- Subcommittee on Energy
- Committee on Energy and Commerce:
- Subcommittee on Energy
- Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Senate Committees:
- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation:
- Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation
- Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources:
- Subcommittee on Energy
- Subcommittee on Water and Power
Additional Committees with Relevant Jurisdiction:
- House Committee on Appropriations:
- Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
- Senate Committee on Appropriations:
- Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
- House Committee on Small Business:
- Subcommittee on Innovation and Entrepreneurship
- Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship:
- Subcommittee on Innovation and Technology
- House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs:
- Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs (for medical applications of nanotechnology)
- Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs:
- Subcommittee on Health
Government Agencies
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
Federal Agencies:
- National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI): Coordinates federal nanotechnology research and development efforts across multiple agencies.
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Regulates the environmental release of nanomaterials and assesses their potential effects on human health and the environment.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Regulates nanomaterials in food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics.
- Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Regulates the safety of nanomaterials in consumer products.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Develops and enforces workplace safety standards for nanomaterials.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Develops standards and measurement methods for nanomaterials.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Supports fundamental nanotechnology research and education.
- Department of Energy (DOE): Conducts nanoscale research in areas such as energy storage, production, and conversion.
- Department of Defense (DOD): Develops nanotechnology applications for military purposes.
International Organizations:
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): Facilitates international cooperation on nanotechnology safety and regulation.
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Develops international standards for nanomaterials.
- World Health Organization (WHO): Provides guidance on the health implications of nanotechnology and coordinates international efforts to assess and manage risks.
- International Labour Organization (ILO): Develops guidelines for the safe use of nanomaterials in the workplace.
Independent Research Organizations:
- Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN): A non-governmental organization that provides independent assessments and information on the societal implications of nanotechnology.
- Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN): A non-profit organization that promotes ethical and responsible development of nanotechnology.
Government Programs & Initiatives
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
- Established in 2001, NNI is a multi-agency initiative that coordinates federal research, development, and education efforts in nanotechnology.
- Provides funding for research and development, standardization, workforce development, and stakeholder engagement.
National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO)
- Part of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, NNCO manages NNI’s operations and provides guidance to federal agencies on nanotechnology.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Responsible for regulating the environmental and human health impacts of nanomaterials.
- Conducts research and develops testing methods to assess nanomaterial risks.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Regulates the use of nanomaterials in food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
- Establishes safety and efficacy guidelines for nanomaterial-based products.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Develops measurement techniques, standards, and reference materials for nanomaterials.
- Facilitates the commercialization of nanoscale products.
National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Provides funding for fundamental research in nanotechnology.
- Supports the development of nano-enabled technologies for societal benefit.
Department of Energy (DOE)
- Conducts research on the use of nanotechnology in energy applications, such as solar panels and fuel cells.
- Invests in nano-enabled materials and manufacturing processes.
Department of Defense (DOD)
- Uses nanotechnology to develop advanced materials, sensors, and medical technologies for military use.
- Funds research on nanomaterial safety and risk management.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Develops nanotechnologies for homeland security applications, such as threat detection, forensics, and protective gear.
Other Initiatives:
- Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety (NanoEHS): A collaboration between government, industry, and academia to develop guidelines and best practices for handling nanomaterials safely.
- Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET): A research hub funded by NSF and the DOE that focuses on fundamental research and education in nanotechnology.
- National Nanotechnology Research Centers (NNRCs): Centers of excellence established by NSF to support collaborative research and workforce development in nanotechnology.
Initiatives
Nonpartisan Organizations
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
- The NanoBusiness Alliance is a nonpartisan trade association representing the nanotechnology industry. It advocates for policies that support the growth of the industry and addresses the challenges it faces.
- The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a US government program that coordinates research and development in nanotechnology. It also works to address the challenges of nanotechnology, such as its potential impact on health and the environment.
- The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN) is a non-profit organization that works to promote the responsible development of nanotechnology. It conducts research, educates the public, and advocates for policies that protect human health and the environment.
- The Foresight Institute is a non-profit organization that works to advance nanotechnology research and development. It also addresses the challenges of nanotechnology, such as its potential impact on society and the economy.
- The Institute for Molecular Manufacturing (IMM) is a non-profit organization that works to develop molecular manufacturing technologies. It also addresses the challenges of nanotechnology, such as its potential impact on the economy and the environment.
Partisan Organizations
Source: Google Search + Gemini + onAir curation
Democratic Organizations
- Progressive Policy Institute: Focuses on developing progressive policies for emerging technologies, including nanotechnology.
- Brookings Institution: Conducts research and analysis on the social and economic implications of nanotechnology, with a focus on responsible governance.
- Center for American Progress: Advocates for policies that promote the responsible development and use of nanotechnology, particularly in areas related to health and the environment.
- National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI): A bipartisan federal program that supports research and development in nanotechnology, with strong support from the Democratic Party.
Republican Organizations
- American Enterprise Institute (AEI): Promotes free-market principles and limited government involvement in nanotechnology development.
- Heritage Foundation: Advocates for conservative policies, including the promotion of private sector investment in nanotechnology.
- Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI): Supports regulatory reforms and promotes the benefits of nanotechnology, particularly in areas related to economic growth.
- Hoover Institution: Conducts research and analysis on the impact of technology, including nanotechnology, on society and the economy.
Wikipedia entry
NNI’s 2014 enacted budget by agency.[1]
The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a research and development initiative which provides a framework to coordinate nanoscale research and resources among United States federal government agencies and departments.
History
Mihail C. Roco proposed the initiative in a 1999 presentation to the White House under the Clinton administration.[2][3][4][5][6][7] The NNI was officially launched in 2000 and received funding for the first time in FY2001.[8]
President Bill Clinton advocated nanotechnology development. In a 21 January 2000 speech [1] at the California Institute of Technology, Clinton stated that “Some of our research goals may take twenty or more years to achieve, but that is precisely why there is an important role for the federal government.”
President George W. Bush further increased funding for nanotechnology. On 3 December 2003 Bush signed into law the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (Pub. L. 108–153 (text) (PDF)), which authorizes expenditures for five of the participating agencies totaling $3.63 billion over four years.[2]. This law is an authorization, not an appropriation, and subsequent appropriations for these five agencies have not met the goals set out in the 2003 Act. However, there are many agencies involved in the Initiative that are not covered by the Act, and requested budgets under the Initiative for all participating agencies in Fiscal Years 2006 – 2015 totaled over $1 billion each.
In February 2014, the National Nanotechnology Initiative released a Strategic Plan outlining updated goals and “program component areas” [3],” as required under the terms of the Act. This document supersedes the NNI Strategic Plans released in 2004 and 2007.
The NNI’s budget supplement proposed by the Obama administration for Fiscal Year 2015 provides $1.5 billion in requested funding. The cumulative NNI investment since fiscal year 2001, including the 2015 request, totals almost $21 billion. Cumulative investments in nanotechnology-related environmental, health, and safety research since 2005 to 2015 total nearly $900 million. The Federal agencies with the largest investments are the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Department of Defense, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.[9]
The NNI received increased support for emerging technologies during the Trump administration and a special focus on clean energy and mitigating climate change during the Biden administration. NNI cumulative investment by 2023 inclusive reached $40 billion, and nanotechnology has become pervasive in material, energy and biosystem related discoveries and applications.[7][10]
Goals
The four primary goals of NNI are:[11]
- Advance a world-class nanotechnology research and development program;
- Foster the transfer of new technologies into products for commercial and public benefits;
- Develop and sustain educational resources, a skilled workforce, and a dynamic infrastructure and toolset to advance nanotechnology;
- Support responsible development of nanotechnology.
Initiatives
Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives
Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives (NSIs) spotlight areas of nanotechnology where significant advances in nanoscale science and technology can be made with the focus and cooperation of participating agencies. NSIs accelerate research, development, and application of nanotechnology in these critical areas.[12]
As of December 2020, the current NSIs are:[12]
- NSI: Water Sustainability through Nanotechnology – Nanoscale Solutions for a Global-Scale Challenge,
- NSI: Nanotechnology for Sensors and Sensors for Nanotechnology – Improving and Protecting Health, Safety, and the Environment,
- NSI: Sustainable Nanomanufacturing – Creating the Industries of the Future,
- NSI: Nanoelectronics for 2020 and Beyond.
NSIs are dynamic and are retired as they achieve their specified goals or develop an established community they no longer require the spotlight provided as a NSI. Retired NSIs are:[12]
- NSI: Nanoelectronics for 2020 and Beyond,
- NSI: Nanotechnology for Solar Energy Collection and Conversion – Contributing to Energy Solutions for the Future,
- NSI: Nanotechnology Knowledge Infrastructure – Enabling National Leadership in Sustainable Design.
Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenges
A nanotechnology-inspired grand challenge (GC) is an ambitious goal that utilizes nanotechnology and nanoscience to solve national and global issues. The first and current GC was announced in October 2015 after receiving input and suggestions from the public. As of December 2020, the grand challenge is:[13]
- A Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge for Future Computing: Create a new type of computer that can proactively interpret and learn from data, solve unfamiliar problems using what it has learned, and operate with the energy efficiency of the human brain.
Participating Federal Agencies and Departments
Departments and agencies with nanotechnology R&D budgets:
- Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
- Department of Commerce (DOC)
- Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)
- Economic Development Administration (EDA)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
- Department of Defense (DOD)
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Department of Transportation (DOT)
- Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Agricultural Research Services (ARS)
- Forest Service (FS)
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
Other participating departments and agencies:
- Department of Education (DOEd)
- Department of the Interior
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- Department of Justice (DOJ)
- National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
- Department of Labor (DOL)
- Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
- Department of State (DOS)
- Department of the Treasury (DOTreas)
- Intelligence Community (IC)
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
- U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC)
Results and Effects
Only a very small number of studies attempted to evaluate the effects of the NNI objectively. A multi-nationation study between the US and the Netherlands published in 2023, looked at the result of patent filing, issuance and mainteance since the NNI was launched in 2010 until 2023, when there last data were available.[14]
US-invented nanopatents with US assignees, were somewhat more apt
to renew at least once (14.5% vs. 11.7%) compared to the US -assignees on average, but somewhat less inclined to pay for full maintenance of 20 years from filing (40.5% vs. 52.5%). The lower propensity to renew could be attributed to a quickly changing technology-landcape.[14]
See also
- National Science and Technology Council
- President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
- Translational research
References
- ^ “National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI): Supplement to the President’s FY 2015 Budget” (PDF). Office of Science and Technology Policy. March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ Dr. Mihail C. Roco: Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology, National Science Foundation Archived 11 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine at NSF Directorate of Engineering website
- ^ M.C. Roco, R.S. Williams, and P. Alivisatos. Nanotechnology Research Directions: Vision for Nanotechnology R&D in the Next Decade. National Science and Technology Council, White House 1999, reprinted Springer 2000, http://www.nano.gov/sites/default/files/pub_resource/research_directions_1999.pdf
- ^ Roco, Mihail C. (1 February 2011). “The long view of nanotechnology development: the National Nanotechnology Initiative at 10 years”. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 13 (2): 427–445. doi:10.1007/s11051-010-0192-z. ISSN 1572-896X.
- ^ M.C. Roco, C.A. Mirkin, and M.C. Hersam. Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020: Retrospective and Outlook, Springer 2011, https://www.nano.gov/node/948
- ^ M.C. Roco, W.S. Bainbridge, B. Tonn, and G. Whitesides. Convergence of Knowledge, Technology, and Society:
Beyond Convergence of NANO-BIO-INFO-COGNITIVE Technologies, Springer, 2013, http://www.wtec.org/NBIC2-Report/ - ^ a b Roco, Mihail C. (18 September 2023). “National Nanotechnology Initiative at 20 years: enabling new horizons”. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 25 (10): 197. doi:10.1007/s11051-023-05829-9. ISSN 1572-896X.
- ^ “Nanotechnology Timeline | nano.gov”. www.nano.gov. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ NNI Supplement to the President’s Budget for Fiscal Year 2015
- ^ “NNI Retrospective Video: Creating a National Initiative (Trailer 3 min.)”. www.tvworldwide.net. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ “NNI Vision, Goals, and PCAs | nano.gov”. www.nano.gov. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ a b c “Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives (NSIs) | nano.gov”. www.nano.gov. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ “Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenges | nano.gov”. www.nano.gov. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ a b Twenty years of US nanopatenting: Maintenance renewal scoring as an indicator of patent value. 2023. World Pat Inf. 73/13. A.L. Porter, M. Markley, R. Snead, N.C. Newman. doi: 10.1016/j.wpi.2023.102178
External links
- Official website
- McCray, W. Patrick (2005). “Will Small Be Beautiful? Making Policies for Our Nanotech Future”. History and Technology. 21 (2): 177–203. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.393. doi:10.1080/07341510500103735.
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