Summary
The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, during the final 17 days of Joe Biden‘s presidency, and will end in 2027. It will meet during the first two years of Donald Trump‘s second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House, won the majority in the Senate, and upon Trump’s second inauguration on January 20, 2025, will have an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress in 2017, which was in session during Trump’s first term.
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress in 1931, and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride of Delaware).[1][2]
Source: Wikipedia
OnAir Post: US House- 119th Congress
More Information
Wikipedia
The 119th United States Congress is the 2025–2026 term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, for the last 17 days of Joe Biden’s presidency and will continue during the first two years of Donald Trump’s second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House of Representatives, though the party lost two net seats in the election and thus ended up with a five-seat majority instead of its previous seven-seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three-seat majority in the Senate after winning four net seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump’s second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump’s first term.[1]
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride (D–DE)).[2][3] It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment which established the direct election of U.S. senators.[4][a]
History
In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential election, securing a second non-consecutive term.[5] The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.[6][7][8][9]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[10][11]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority in House history with the 65th Congress.[12] Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[13]
On January 6, a joint session convened to count the presidential Electoral College votes. The proceedings were peaceful, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden‘s certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results and significantly raises the bar for certification objections.[14]
Comprising 80% of the membership of the House of Representatives and 89% of the Senate, Baby boomers and Generation X remained the largest generations represented in Congress after having comprised more than 80% of the membership of both chambers since at least the 115th United States Congress and Baby boomers alone comprising the majority of the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 106th United States Congress and the 111th United States Congress respectively.[15][16]
Major events
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- January 3, 2025, 12 p.m. EST: Congress convenes. Members-elect of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives are sworn in. Mike Johnson (R) is re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with Ralph Norman and Keith Self changing their votes to support him.[17]
- January 6, 2025: A joint session to count the presidential Electoral College votes is held.
- January 9, 2025: The funeral of former president Jimmy Carter takes place.
- January 20, 2025: The second inauguration of Donald Trump takes place.[18] The Republicans gain a trifecta.
- January 24, 2025: Vice President JD Vance casts the tie-breaking vote to confirm Pete Hegseth as Secretary of Defense. This was the second time in United States history that a cabinet confirmation was tied in the Senate and required a tie-breaking vote. The first was when Mike Pence cast the tie-breaking vote to confirm Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education in Trump’s first term.
- March 4, 2025: President Donald Trump addresses a joint session of Congress.
- March 5, 2025: Representative Sylvester Turner (D) of Texas dies.[19][20]
- March 6, 2025: The House votes 224–198 (2 present) to censure Representative Al Green (D) of Texas for repeatedly disrupting (by speaking out of turn) President Donald Trump’s address to a joint session of Congress.[21]
- March 13, 2025: Representative Raúl Grijalva (D) of Arizona dies.[22]
- March 31 – April 1, 2025: Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey breaks the record for the longest Senate speech, protesting President Donald Trump’s agenda.[23]
- May 21, 2025: Representative Gerry Connolly (D) of Virginia dies.[24]
- July 3, 2025: House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York breaks the record for the longest House magic minute speech while speaking against the “One Big Beautiful Bill“.
- July 20, 2025: Representative Mark Green (R) of Tennessee resigns.[25]
- October 1 – November 12, 2025: The federal government shuts down as a result of Congress not approving a budget.
- November 21, 2025: Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) of Georgia announces that she will be resigning her seat effective January 5, 2026.[26]
Major legislation
Enacted
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- January 29, 2025: Laken Riley Act, S. 5
- March 15, 2025: Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, H.R. 1968
- May 19, 2025: TAKE IT DOWN Act, S. 146
- June 12, 2025: Aerial Firefighting Enhancement Act of 2025, S. 160
- July 4, 2025: One Big Beautiful Bill Act, H.R. 1
- July 7, 2025: Alaska Native Settlement Trust Eligibility Act, H.R. 42
- July 7, 2025: Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act of 2025, H.R. 43
- July 15, 2025: Apex Area Technical Corrections Act, H.R. 618
- July 15, 2025: Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act, H.R. 2215
- July 16, 2025: HALT Fentanyl Act, S. 331
- July 18, 2025: GENIUS Act, S. 1582
- July 24, 2025: Rescissions Act of 2025, H.R. 4
- July 24, 2025: Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act, H.R. 517
- July 24, 2025: Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act, S. 1596
- July 30, 2025: VA Home Loan Program Reform Act, H.R. 1815
- August 14, 2025: ACES Act of 2025, S. 201
- August 14, 2025: PRO Veterans Act of 2025, S. 423
- August 19, 2025: Maintaining American Superiority by Improving Export Control Transparency Act, H.R. 1316
- September 5, 2025: Homebuyers Privacy Protection Act, H.R. 2808
- November 12, 2025: Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, H.R. 5371
- November 19, 2025: Epstein Files Transparency Act, H.R. 4405
Proposed (but not enacted)
- Bills passed in the House waiting for the Senate
- H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
- H.R. 22: Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act
- H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act
- H.R. 26: Protecting American Energy Production Act
- H.R. 27: Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act
- H.R. 28: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act
- H.R. 30: Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act
- H.R. 33: United States-Taiwan Expedited Double-Tax Relief Act
- H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act
- H.R. 36: MEGOBARI Act
- H.R. 77: Midnight Rules Relief Act
- H.R. 144: Tennessee Valley Authority Salary Transparency Act
- H.R. 152: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act
- H.R. 153: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act
- H.R. 164: Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience Act of 2025
- H.R. 165: Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act
- H.R. 186: Hershel Woody Williams National Medal of Honor Monument Location Act
- H.R. 187: Modernizing Access to our Public Waters Act of 2025
- H.R. 189: Securities and Exchange Commission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act
- H.R. 192: Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act
- H.R. 197: Lake Winnibigoshish Land Exchange Act of 2025
- H.R. 204: Accurately Counting Risk Elimination Solutions Act
- H.R. 207: Supporting the Health of Aquatic systems through Research Knowledge and Enhanced Dialogue Act of 2025
- H.R. 224: Disabled Veterans Housing Support Act
- H.R. 226: Eastern Band of Cherokee Historic Lands Reacquisition Act
- H.R. 275: Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2025
- H.R. 276: Gulf of America Act
- H.R. 359: Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2025
- H.R. 375: Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act of 2025
- H.R. 386: Chinese Currency Accountability Act of 2025
- H.R. 469: Semiquincentennial Congressional Time Capsule Act
- H.R. 471: Fix Our Forests Act
- H.R. 495: Subterranean Border Defense Act
- H.R. 579: Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025
- H.R. 586: Vietnam Veterans Liver Fluke Cancer Study Act
- H.R. 692: China Exchange Rate Transparency Act of 2023
- H.R. 695: Medal of Honor Act
- H.R. 706: DHS Biodetection Improvement Act
- H.R. 708: Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend Against the CCP Act
- H.R. 730: Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act
- H.R. 736: Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act of 2025
- H.R. 754: Investing in Main Street Act of 2025
- H.R. 758: Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act of 2025
- H.R. 776: Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act of 2025
- H.R. 788: DOE and SBA Research Act
- H.R. 804: Rural Small Business Resilience Act
- H.R. 818: Small Business Procurement and Utilization Reform Act of 2025
- H.R. 825: Assisting Small Businesses Not Fraudsters Act
- H.R. 828: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act
- H.R. 832: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025
- H.R. 835: 9/11 Memorial and Museum Act
- H.R. 836: Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025
- H.R. 856: Safe and Smart Federal Purchasing Act
- H.R. 862: TSA Commuting Fairness Act
- H.R. 872: Federal Contractor Cybersecurity Vulnerability Reduction Act of 2025
- H.R. 877: Deliver for Veterans Act
- H.R. 901: Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act
- H.R. 919: Chronic Disease Flexible Coverage Act
- H.R. 965: Housing Unhoused Disabled Veterans Act
- H.R. 970: Fairness for Servicemembers and their Families Act of 2025
- H.R. 975: Credit Union Board Modernization Act
- H.R. 983: Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserves Tuition Fairness Act of 2025
- H.R. 993: Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act
- H.R. 997: National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025
- H.R. 998: Internal Revenue Service Math and Taxpayer Help Act
- H.R. 1039: Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act
- H.R. 1048: Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act
- H.R. 1152: Electronic Filing and Payment Fairness Act
- H.R. 1155: Recovery of Stolen Checks Act
- H.R. 1156: Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
- H.R. 1166: Decoupling from Foreign Adversarial Battery Dependence Act
- H.R. 1318: United States Research Protection Act
- H.R. 1325: Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2025
- H.R. 1326: DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act
- H.R. 1350: DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act
- H.R. 1368: DOE and NASA Interagency Research Coordination Act
- H.R. 1374: Securing the Cities Improvement Act
- H.R. 1491: Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act
- H.R. 1515: Guidance Out Of Darkness Act
- H.R. 1526: No Rogue Rulings Act
- H.R. 1534: Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies Act
- H.R. 1692: Producing Advanced Technologies for Homeland Security Act
- H.R. 1701: Strategic Ports Reporting Act
- H.R. 1919: Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
- H.R. 1969: No Wrong Door for Veterans Act
- H.R. 2591: Mental Health in Aviation Act of 2025
- H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025
- Bills proposed in the House
- H.R. 14: John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act
- H.R. 15: Equality Act
- H.R. 17: Paycheck Fairness Act
- H.R. 20: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025
- H.R. 38: Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (ordered by committee to be amended on March 25, 2025)
- H.R. 40: Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
- H.R. 277: Matthew Lawrence Perna Act of 2025
- H.R. 1862: English Language Unity Act of 2025
- H.R. 2392: STABLE Act of 2025
- H.R. 3492: Protect Children’s Innocence Act of 2025
- H.R. 4327: No Tax on Home Sales Act
- H.R. 4403: Clear Skies Act
- Bills passed in the Senate waiting for the House
- S. 32: Local Access to Courts Act
- S. 129: No Tax On Tips Act
- S. 524: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2025
- S. 960: Justice for Murder Victims Act
- S. 1077: District of Columbia Local Funds Act, 2025
- Bills proposed in the Senate
- S. 29: Sunshine Protection Act
- S. 476: White Oak Resiliency Act of 2025
- S. 500: CAREER Act of 2025
- S. 698: Federal Prisons Accountability Act of 2025
- S. 852: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025
- S. 1046: No Tax On Overtime Act
- S. 1124: Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
- S. 1241: Sanctioning Russia Act
- S. 1272: Trade Review Act
- S. 1503: Equality Act
- S. 1674: Mammoth Cave National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2025
- S. 2572: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026
- Bills in Conference Committee
- H.R. 3944: Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026
Major resolutions
Adopted
- H.Res. 5: Setting the Rules of the House this Congress, with changes from the previous Congress.
- H.Res. 189: Censuring Al Green for disrupting the President’s speech to a joint session of Congress.
- S.Con.Res. 3: Allowing the Capitol rotunda to be used for Jimmy Carter‘s lying in state.
- S.Res. 377: Executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Proposed
- H.Res. 24: Expunging the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
- H.Res. 25: Expunging the second impeachment of Donald Trump.
Party summary
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the “Changes in membership” section:
Senate party summary
|
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent[b] | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 47 | 4 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[c] | 45 | 2 | 52 | 99 | 1 |
| January 10, 2025[d] | 51 | 98 | 2 | ||
| January 14, 2025[e] | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||
| January 20, 2025[f] | 51 | 98 | 2 | ||
| January 21, 2025[d][f] | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||
| Current voting share | 47% | 53% | |||
House party summary
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| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 210 | 219 | 429 | 6 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[g] | 215 | 219 | 434 | 1 |
| January 20, 2025[h][33] | 218 | 433 | 2 | |
| March 5, 2025[i] | 214 | 432 | 3 | |
| March 13, 2025[j] | 213 | 431 | 4 | |
| April 2, 2025[g][h] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
| May 21, 2025[k] | 212 | 432 | 3 | |
| July 20, 2025[l] | 219 | 431 | 4 | |
| September 10, 2025[k] | 213 | 432 | 3 | |
| November 12, 2025[j][35] | 214 | 433 | 2 | |
| November 20, 2025[m] | 213 | 432 | 3 | |
| December 4, 2025[l] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
| Current voting share | 49.3% | 50.9% | ||
| Non-voting members | 3[n] | 3 | 6 | 0 |
Leadership
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a “caucus”; Republicans refer to themselves as a “conference”.
Senate leadership
Senate Presidents
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Kamala Harris (D),
until January 20, 2025
until January 20, 2025
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JD Vance (R),
since January 20, 2025
since January 20, 2025
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President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)
Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate presiding officers
- President of the Senate:
- Kamala Harris (D) – until January 20, 2025
- JD Vance (R) – since January 20, 2025
- President pro tempore: Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: John Thune (SD)[36]
- Counselors: Steve Daines (MT), Markwayne Mullin (OK), John Cornyn (TX), and Marsha Blackburn (TN)[37]
- Majority Whip: John Barrasso (WY)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Tom Cotton (AR)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Shelley Moore Capito (WV)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: James Lankford (OK)
- Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Tim Scott (SC)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Rick Scott (FL)[38]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo (ID)[39]
- Deputy whips: Jim Banks (IN), Marsha Blackburn (TN), Katie Britt (AL), John Cornyn (TX), Deb Fischer (NE), Markwayne Mullin (OK), Dan Sullivan (AK), Thom Tillis (NC), and Todd Young (IN)[39]
Senate minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer (NY)[40][41]
- Minority Whip: Dick Durbin (IL)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Amy Klobuchar (MN)
- Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Cory Booker (NJ)
- Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Elizabeth Warren (MA) and Mark Warner (VA)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Bernie Sanders (VT)
- Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin (WI)
- Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Kirsten Gillibrand (NY)[42]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto (NV)
- Deputy Secretaries of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Brian Schatz (HI) and Chris Murphy (CT)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Jeanne Shaheen (NH)[43]
- Vice Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Tina Smith (MN)[44]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Brian Schatz (HI)[45]
- Deputy whips: Ben Ray Luján (NM), Jeff Merkley (OR), Jacky Rosen (NV), and Lisa Blunt Rochester (DE)[45]
House leadership
Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson (R)
Mike Johnson (R)
House presiding officer
- Speaker: Mike Johnson (R) (LA 4)
House majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Steve Scalise (LA 1)[46]
- Majority Whip: Tom Emmer (MN 6)
- Chair of the House Republican Conference: Lisa McClain (MI 9)
- Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Richard Hudson (NC 9)
- Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Kevin Hern (OK 1)
- Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Blake Moore (UT 1)
- Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Erin Houchin (IN 9)
- Chair of House Republican Leadership: Elise Stefanik (NY 21)[47]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Guy Reschenthaler (PA 14)
- Sophomore Elected Leadership Committee representative: Russell Fry (SC 7)
- Freshman Elected Leadership Committee representative: Riley Moore (WV 2)
House minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8)[48]
- Minority Whip: Katherine Clark (MA 5)
- Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Pete Aguilar (CA 33)
- Assistant Democratic Leader: Joe Neguse (CO 2)
- Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Ted Lieu (CA 36)
- Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Suzan DelBene (WA 1)
- Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Dingell (MI 6)
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Maxwell Frost (FL 10), Lori Trahan (MA 3), and Lauren Underwood (IL 14)
- Junior Caucus Leadership cepresentative: Robert Garcia (CA 42)
- Battleground Leadership representative: Susie Lee (NV 3)
- Freshman Class Leadership representative: Luz Rivas (CA 29)
- Co-chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Nanette Barragán (CA 44), Robin Kelly (IL 2), and Debbie Wasserman Schultz (FL 25)
Members
Senators
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.
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Representatives
All seats were filled by election in November 2024.
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Changes in membership
Senate membership changes
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor’s formal installation[s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia (1) | Vacant | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.[50] | Jim Justice (R) | January 14, 2025 |
| Ohio (3) | JD Vance (R) | Incumbent resigned January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States.[51][52] Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[53] | Jon Husted (R) | January 21, 2025[54] |
| Florida (3) | Marco Rubio (R) | Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become United States Secretary of State.[55] Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[56] | Ashley Moody (R) | January 21, 2025[54] |
House membership changes
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor’s formal installation[s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida 1 | Vacant | Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[57] A special election was held on April 1, 2025. | Jimmy Patronis (R) | April 2, 2025 |
| Florida 6 | Mike Waltz (R) | Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor.[58][32] A special election was held on April 1, 2025. | Randy Fine (R) | April 2, 2025 |
| Texas 18 | Sylvester Turner (D) | Incumbent died March 5, 2025.[19][59] A special election was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff will be held on January 31, 2026. | TBD (D) | |
| Arizona 7 | Raúl Grijalva (D) | Incumbent died March 13, 2025. A special election was held on September 23, 2025. | Adelita Grijalva (D) | November 12, 2025 |
| Virginia 11 | Gerry Connolly (D) | Incumbent died May 21, 2025. A special election was held on September 9, 2025. | James Walkinshaw (D) | September 10, 2025 |
| Tennessee 7 | Mark Green (R) | Incumbent resigned July 20, 2025, to take a job in the private sector. A special election was held on December 2, 2025. | Matt Van Epps (R) | December 4, 2025 |
| New Jersey 11 | Mikie Sherrill (D) | Incumbent resigned November 20, 2025, after being elected Governor of New Jersey.[60] A special election will be held on April 16, 2026. | ||
| Georgia 14 | Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) | On November 21, 2025, Greene announced her resignation from Congress effective January 5, 2026, citing her disagreements with President Donald Trump.[61] A special election will be called within 30 days of the vacancy. |
Committees
Senate committees
House committees
Joint committees
| Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) | Sen. Maggie Hassan (D-NH) | Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA) |
| Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) Until January 20, 2025 | Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA) | Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) | Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE) |
| Library | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) |
| Printing | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) |
| Taxation[t] | Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO) | Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) | Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA) |
Senior staff
- Officers
- Architect of the Capitol: Thomas Austin
- Attending Physician: Brian P. Monahan
- Organizations
- Capitol Police: J. Thomas Manger
- Congressional Budget Office: Phillip Swagel
- Government Accountability Office: Gene Dodaro
- Government Printing Office: Hugh Halpern
- Library of Congress: Robert Newlen (acting)
- Congressional Research Service: Karen Donfried
- Copyright Office: Shira Perlmutter
- Federal Research Division: Annie Rorem
- Law Library of Congress: Aslihan Bulut
Senate senior staff
- Officers
- Secretary: Jackie Barber
- Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: Jennifer Hemingway
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough
- Party Secretary for the Majority: Robert Duncan (R)
- Party Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick (D)
- Chaplain: Barry Black
- Officials
House senior staff
- Officers
- Chaplain: Margaret G. Kibben
- Chief Administrative Officer: Catherine Szpindor
- Clerk: Kevin McCumber
- Sergeant at Arms: William McFarland
- Officials
- General Counsel: Matthew Berry
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Inspector General: Joseph Picolla
- Parliamentarian: Jason Smith
- Reading Clerks: Susan Cole (R) and Tylease Alli (D)
- Organizations
- Office of Congressional Conduct: Omar Ashmawy
- Office of Interparliamentary Affairs: Kate Knudson
- Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph Seep
- Office of the Legislative Counsel: Warren Burke
- Office of the Whistleblower Ombuds: Shanna Devine
- Office of Congressional Workplace Rights: Martin Crane
Elections
- 2024 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2026 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
- ^ Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Maine all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation, however Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
- ^ All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.[27]
- ^ a b In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[28] After this resignation, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[29]
- ^ a b In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia.
- ^ a b c In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. His chosen successor, Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[30]
- ^ a b c In Florida’s 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress, and Jimmy Patronis was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[31]
- ^ a b c d In Florida’s 6th district: Mike Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States National Security Advisor, and Randy Fine was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[32]
- ^ a b In Texas’s 18th district: Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025. A special election to elect a successor was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff will be held on January 31, 2026.
- ^ a b c d In Arizona’s 7th district: Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025. Adelita Grijalva was elected on September 23, 2025. She was sworn in on November 12, 2025.
- ^ a b c d In Virginia’s 11th district: Gerry Connolly (D) died on May 21, 2025. James Walkinshaw was elected on September 9, 2025. He was sworn in on September 10, 2025.[34]
- ^ a b c d In Tennessee’s 7th district: Mark Green (R) resigned on July 20, 2025, and Matt Van Epps was elected on December 2, 2025. He was sworn in on December 4, 2025.
- ^ a b In New Jersey’s 11th district: Mikie Sherrill (D) resigned November 20, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Governor of New Jersey. A special election to elect a successor will be held on April 16, 2026.
- ^ Includes a Popular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat.
- ^ a b c d e f The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are considered Democrats.
- ^ In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[28] Jon Husted was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.
- ^ In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[49]
- ^ Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
- ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
- ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
References
- ^ “Balance of Power in the U.S. House and Senate”. Bloomberg Government. February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
- ^ Skelley, Geoffrey. “Republicans start 2025 with the smallest House majority since 1931”. ABC News.com. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ “Delaware’s Sarah McBride prepares to become first openly transgender member of Congress, hoping for grace – CBS Philadelphia”. www.cbsnews.com. January 2, 2025. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
- ^ Ostermeier, Dr Eric (November 19, 2024). “119th Congress Smashes Record Low for Number of Split US Senate Delegations”. Smart Politics. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
- ^ “Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins”. The New York Times. November 5, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Tankersley, Jim (January 4, 2025). “Democrats Got the Recovery They Wanted. It Wasn’t Enough”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Stein, Jeff; Bhattarai, Abha; Gowen, Annie (November 6, 2024). “Voter anger over economy boosts Trump in 2024, baffling Democrats”. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Jordan, Miriam (November 6, 2024). “Voters Were Fed Up Over Immigration. They Voted for Trump”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Ensign, Rachel; Wolfe, Rachel; Lahart, Justin (November 6, 2024). “How Trump Won the Economy-Is-Everything Election”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
- ^ Everett, Burgess (January 5, 2025). “Mitch McConnell announces his exit as Senate GOP leader”. Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ Goodwin, Liz; Wells, Dylan; LeVine, Marianne (November 13, 2024). “Senate Republicans choose John Thune to replace Mitch McConnell as majority leader”. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie (December 4, 2024). “Mike Johnson’s Newest Headache: The Smallest House Majority in History”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025). “Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
- ^ Peterson, Kristina; Stech Ferek, Katy; Martinez, Xavier (January 6, 2025). “Congress Certifies Trump’s Election Win”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
- ^ DeSilver, Drew (January 16, 2025). “Age and generation in the 119th Congress: Somewhat younger, with fewer Boomers and more Gen Xers”. Pew Research Center. Retrieved September 12, 2025.
- ^ Winograd, Morley; Hais, Michael (January 5, 2015). “Boomer Dominance Means More of the Same in the 114th Congress”. Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 12, 2025.
- ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025). “Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
- ^ Galston, William A.; Kamarck, Elaine. “Trump’s second inaugural address: Immigration, culture, and conflict”. Brookings. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
- ^ a b Scherer, Jasper (March 5, 2025). “Congressman and former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner dies”. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
- ^ Lozano, Juan A. (March 5, 2025). “US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70”. AP News. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica; Ferris, Sarah; Grayer, Annie (March 6, 2025). “10 Democrats join with Republicans to censure Rep. Al Green for Trump speech protest”. CNN. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
- ^ Foran, Clare (March 13, 2025). “Democratic Rep. Raúl Grijalva dies at 77 after battle with cancer”. CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
- ^ Hubbard, Kaia (April 1, 2025). “Sen. Cory Booker breaks record with marathon 25-hour speech on Senate floor to protest President Trump’s policies – CBS News”. www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
- ^ Chadwick, Lauren (May 21, 2025). “Rep. Gerry Connolly, 75, has died, family statement says”. CNN. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
- ^ Deirdre Heavey, Elizabeth Elkind (July 21, 2025). “Mark Green resigns from Congress, further shrinking House GOP majority”. Fox News. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
- ^ Deliso, Meredith (November 21, 2025). “Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene says she will resign from Congress in January”. ABC News. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
- ^ Altimari, Daniela (December 27, 2024). “Jim Justice to Delay Senate Swearing-In to Avert Knotty Succession in West Virginia”. Roll Call. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ a b Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). “Vance Resigning Senate Seat Effective at Midnight”. CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ “Jon Husted sworn in as Ohio’s newest senator”. spectrumnews1.com. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
- ^ Perry, Mitch (January 21, 2025). “Ashley Moody sworn in as U.S. senator, while Marco Rubio takes over at State • Florida Phoenix”. Florida Phoenix. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
- ^ Shabad, Rebecca (November 22, 2024). “Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn’t Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump’s Pick for Attorney General”. NBC News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
- ^ a b Brooks, Emily (November 25, 2024). “Mike Waltz to Resign from House Day of Inauguration to Join Trump Administration”. The Hill. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ Bullis, Hailey (April 2, 2025). “Republicans projected to win two Florida special elections, boosting US House majority”. Reuters. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
- ^ “Walkinshaw sworn into Congress after win in Virginia special election”. Washington Post. September 10, 2025.
- ^ English, Molly (September 23, 2025). “Adelita Grijalva wins US House special election in Arizona, delivering decisive signature for Epstein files push | CNN Politics”. CNN. Retrieved September 30, 2025.
- ^ Bennett, John T.; Fulton, Jacob; McIntire, Mary Ellen. “Thune elected to replace McConnell as next Senate GOP leader”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ Kight, Stef W. (January 13, 2025). “Thune Picks His Senate Inner Circle”. Axios. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
- ^ Carney, Jordain (January 15, 2025). “Scott to Lead Senate Conservative Group”. Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2025.
- ^ a b “Barrasso Announces Deputy Whip Team”. Sen. John Barrasso. January 7, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
- ^ King, Ryan (December 3, 2024). “Chuck Schumer unanimously reelected Senate Dem leader”. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- ^ “Schumer reelected as Senate Democratic leader”. POLITICO. December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- ^ Perano, Ursula (January 6, 2025). “Gillibrand to Chair Senate Democrats’ Campaign Arm for 2026 Cycle”. Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2025.
- ^ “Democratic Steering & Policy Committee”. Democratic Steering & Policy Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ “Democratic Strategic Communications Committee”. Democratic Strategic Communications Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ a b “Durbin Announces Senate Democratic Whip Operations For 119th Congress”. Dick Durbin United States Senator Illinois Newsroom. December 4, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
- ^ Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela; Bennett, John T.; McIntire, Mary Ellen. “House GOP nominates Johnson for speaker, taps McClain for conference chair”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ “Statement on Appointment as Chairwoman of House Republican Leadership”. April 9, 2025.
- ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen; Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela. “House Democrats hold low-fuss leadership elections”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Niki (December 17, 2024). “Spartz to boycott committees, GOP caucus”. indianacapitalchronicle.com.
- ^ Carney, Jordain (December 26, 2024). “Justice’s Senate plan”. Politico. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- ^ “JD Vance elected Vice President”. CNN. November 6, 2024. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). “Vance resigning Senate seat effective at midnight”. CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ “Replacing Vance in Senate will be DeWine’s decision”. The Review. Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
- ^ a b Weaver, Al (January 21, 2025). “Senate GOP reaches full 53-seat majority as Husted, Moody sworn in”. The Hill. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
- ^ Crowley, Michael (January 20, 2025). “Marco Rubio Is Confirmed by Senate as Secretary of State”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
- ^ “DeSantis aims to appoint Marco Rubio’s Senate replacement by early January”. APnews. November 18, 2024. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
- ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen (November 22, 2024). “Matt Gaetz says he won’t return to Congress next year”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
- ^ Faguy, Ana (November 11, 2024). “Trump taps Michael Waltz as next US national security adviser”. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
- ^ “Sylvester Turner, former Houston mayor and Congressman for District 18, dead at 70”. KTRK-TV ABC13 Eyewitness News. March 5, 2025. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
- ^ “New Jersey Governor Election 2025 Live Results: Sherrill, Ciattarelli, Kaplan”. www.nbcnews.com. November 5, 2025. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
- ^ Walsh, Joe (November 21, 2025). “Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene says she’s resigning from Congress”. CBS News. Retrieved November 21, 2025.
Wikipedia
The 119th United States Congress is the 2025–2026 term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, for the last 17 days of Joe Biden’s presidency and will continue during the first two years of Donald Trump’s second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House of Representatives, though the party lost two net seats in the election and thus ended up with a five-seat majority instead of its previous seven-seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three-seat majority in the Senate after winning four net seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump’s second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump’s first term.[1]
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride (D–DE)).[2][3] It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment which established the direct election of U.S. senators.[4][a]
History
In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential election, securing a second non-consecutive term.[5] The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.[6][7][8][9]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[10][11]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority in House history with the 65th Congress.[12] Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[13]
On January 6, a joint session convened to count the presidential Electoral College votes. The proceedings were peaceful, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden‘s certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results and significantly raises the bar for certification objections.[14]
Comprising 80% of the membership of the House of Representatives and 89% of the Senate, Baby boomers and Generation X remained the largest generations represented in Congress after having comprised more than 80% of the membership of both chambers since at least the 115th United States Congress and Baby boomers alone comprising the majority of the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 106th United States Congress and the 111th United States Congress respectively.[15][16]
Major events
- January 3, 2025, 12 p.m. EST: Congress convenes. Members-elect of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives are sworn in. Mike Johnson (R) is re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with Ralph Norman and Keith Self changing their votes to support him.[17]
- January 6, 2025: A joint session to count the presidential Electoral College votes is held.
- January 9, 2025: The funeral of former president Jimmy Carter takes place.
- January 20, 2025: The second inauguration of Donald Trump takes place.[18] The Republicans gain a trifecta.
- January 24, 2025: Vice President JD Vance casts the tie-breaking vote to confirm Pete Hegseth as Secretary of Defense. This was the second time in United States history that a cabinet confirmation was tied in the Senate and required a tie-breaking vote. The first was when Mike Pence cast the tie-breaking vote to confirm Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education in Trump’s first term.
- March 4, 2025: President Donald Trump addresses a joint session of Congress.
- March 5, 2025: Representative Sylvester Turner (D) of Texas dies.[19][20]
- March 6, 2025: The House votes 224–198 (2 present) to censure Representative Al Green (D) of Texas for repeatedly disrupting (by speaking out of turn) President Donald Trump’s address to a joint session of Congress.[21]
- March 13, 2025: Representative Raúl Grijalva (D) of Arizona dies.[22]
- March 31 – April 1, 2025: Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey breaks the record for the longest Senate speech, protesting President Donald Trump’s agenda.[23]
- May 21, 2025: Representative Gerry Connolly (D) of Virginia dies.[24]
- July 3, 2025: House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York breaks the record for the longest House magic minute speech while speaking against the “One Big Beautiful Bill“.
- July 20, 2025: Representative Mark Green (R) of Tennessee resigns.[25]
- October 1 – November 12, 2025: The federal government shuts down as a result of Congress not approving a budget.
- November 21, 2025: Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) of Georgia announces that she will be resigning her seat effective January 5, 2026.[26]
Major legislation
Enacted
- January 29, 2025: Laken Riley Act, S. 5
- March 15, 2025: Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, H.R. 1968
- May 19, 2025: TAKE IT DOWN Act, S. 146
- June 12, 2025: Aerial Firefighting Enhancement Act of 2025, S. 160
- July 4, 2025: One Big Beautiful Bill Act, H.R. 1
- July 7, 2025: Alaska Native Settlement Trust Eligibility Act, H.R. 42
- July 7, 2025: Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act of 2025, H.R. 43
- July 15, 2025: Apex Area Technical Corrections Act, H.R. 618
- July 15, 2025: Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act, H.R. 2215
- July 16, 2025: HALT Fentanyl Act, S. 331
- July 18, 2025: GENIUS Act, S. 1582
- July 24, 2025: Rescissions Act of 2025, H.R. 4
- July 24, 2025: Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act, H.R. 517
- July 24, 2025: Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act, S. 1596
- July 30, 2025: VA Home Loan Program Reform Act, H.R. 1815
- August 14, 2025: ACES Act of 2025, S. 201
- August 14, 2025: PRO Veterans Act of 2025, S. 423
- August 19, 2025: Maintaining American Superiority by Improving Export Control Transparency Act, H.R. 1316
- September 5, 2025: Homebuyers Privacy Protection Act, H.R. 2808
- November 12, 2025: Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, H.R. 5371
- November 19, 2025: Epstein Files Transparency Act, H.R. 4405
Proposed (but not enacted)
- Bills passed in the House waiting for the Senate
- H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
- H.R. 22: Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act
- H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act
- H.R. 26: Protecting American Energy Production Act
- H.R. 27: Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act
- H.R. 28: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act
- H.R. 30: Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act
- H.R. 33: United States-Taiwan Expedited Double-Tax Relief Act
- H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act
- H.R. 36: MEGOBARI Act
- H.R. 77: Midnight Rules Relief Act
- H.R. 144: Tennessee Valley Authority Salary Transparency Act
- H.R. 152: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act
- H.R. 153: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act
- H.R. 164: Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience Act of 2025
- H.R. 165: Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act
- H.R. 186: Hershel Woody Williams National Medal of Honor Monument Location Act
- H.R. 187: Modernizing Access to our Public Waters Act of 2025
- H.R. 189: Securities and Exchange Commission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act
- H.R. 192: Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act
- H.R. 197: Lake Winnibigoshish Land Exchange Act of 2025
- H.R. 204: Accurately Counting Risk Elimination Solutions Act
- H.R. 207: Supporting the Health of Aquatic systems through Research Knowledge and Enhanced Dialogue Act of 2025
- H.R. 224: Disabled Veterans Housing Support Act
- H.R. 226: Eastern Band of Cherokee Historic Lands Reacquisition Act
- H.R. 275: Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2025
- H.R. 276: Gulf of America Act
- H.R. 359: Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2025
- H.R. 375: Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act of 2025
- H.R. 386: Chinese Currency Accountability Act of 2025
- H.R. 469: Semiquincentennial Congressional Time Capsule Act
- H.R. 471: Fix Our Forests Act
- H.R. 495: Subterranean Border Defense Act
- H.R. 579: Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025
- H.R. 586: Vietnam Veterans Liver Fluke Cancer Study Act
- H.R. 692: China Exchange Rate Transparency Act of 2023
- H.R. 695: Medal of Honor Act
- H.R. 706: DHS Biodetection Improvement Act
- H.R. 708: Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend Against the CCP Act
- H.R. 730: Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act
- H.R. 736: Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act of 2025
- H.R. 754: Investing in Main Street Act of 2025
- H.R. 758: Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act of 2025
- H.R. 776: Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act of 2025
- H.R. 788: DOE and SBA Research Act
- H.R. 804: Rural Small Business Resilience Act
- H.R. 818: Small Business Procurement and Utilization Reform Act of 2025
- H.R. 825: Assisting Small Businesses Not Fraudsters Act
- H.R. 828: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act
- H.R. 832: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025
- H.R. 835: 9/11 Memorial and Museum Act
- H.R. 836: Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025
- H.R. 856: Safe and Smart Federal Purchasing Act
- H.R. 862: TSA Commuting Fairness Act
- H.R. 872: Federal Contractor Cybersecurity Vulnerability Reduction Act of 2025
- H.R. 877: Deliver for Veterans Act
- H.R. 901: Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act
- H.R. 919: Chronic Disease Flexible Coverage Act
- H.R. 965: Housing Unhoused Disabled Veterans Act
- H.R. 970: Fairness for Servicemembers and their Families Act of 2025
- H.R. 975: Credit Union Board Modernization Act
- H.R. 983: Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserves Tuition Fairness Act of 2025
- H.R. 993: Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act
- H.R. 997: National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025
- H.R. 998: Internal Revenue Service Math and Taxpayer Help Act
- H.R. 1039: Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act
- H.R. 1048: Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act
- H.R. 1152: Electronic Filing and Payment Fairness Act
- H.R. 1155: Recovery of Stolen Checks Act
- H.R. 1156: Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
- H.R. 1166: Decoupling from Foreign Adversarial Battery Dependence Act
- H.R. 1318: United States Research Protection Act
- H.R. 1325: Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2025
- H.R. 1326: DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act
- H.R. 1350: DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act
- H.R. 1368: DOE and NASA Interagency Research Coordination Act
- H.R. 1374: Securing the Cities Improvement Act
- H.R. 1491: Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act
- H.R. 1515: Guidance Out Of Darkness Act
- H.R. 1526: No Rogue Rulings Act
- H.R. 1534: Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies Act
- H.R. 1692: Producing Advanced Technologies for Homeland Security Act
- H.R. 1701: Strategic Ports Reporting Act
- H.R. 1919: Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
- H.R. 1969: No Wrong Door for Veterans Act
- H.R. 2591: Mental Health in Aviation Act of 2025
- H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025
- Bills proposed in the House
- H.R. 14: John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act
- H.R. 15: Equality Act
- H.R. 17: Paycheck Fairness Act
- H.R. 20: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025
- H.R. 38: Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (ordered by committee to be amended on March 25, 2025)
- H.R. 40: Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
- H.R. 277: Matthew Lawrence Perna Act of 2025
- H.R. 1862: English Language Unity Act of 2025
- H.R. 2392: STABLE Act of 2025
- H.R. 3492: Protect Children’s Innocence Act of 2025
- H.R. 4327: No Tax on Home Sales Act
- H.R. 4403: Clear Skies Act
- Bills passed in the Senate waiting for the House
- S. 32: Local Access to Courts Act
- S. 129: No Tax On Tips Act
- S. 524: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2025
- S. 960: Justice for Murder Victims Act
- S. 1077: District of Columbia Local Funds Act, 2025
- Bills proposed in the Senate
- S. 29: Sunshine Protection Act
- S. 476: White Oak Resiliency Act of 2025
- S. 500: CAREER Act of 2025
- S. 698: Federal Prisons Accountability Act of 2025
- S. 852: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025
- S. 1046: No Tax On Overtime Act
- S. 1124: Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
- S. 1241: Sanctioning Russia Act
- S. 1272: Trade Review Act
- S. 1503: Equality Act
- S. 1674: Mammoth Cave National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2025
- S. 2572: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026
- Bills in Conference Committee
- H.R. 3944: Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026
Major resolutions
Adopted
- H.Res. 5: Setting the Rules of the House this Congress, with changes from the previous Congress.
- H.Res. 189: Censuring Al Green for disrupting the President’s speech to a joint session of Congress.
- S.Con.Res. 3: Allowing the Capitol rotunda to be used for Jimmy Carter‘s lying in state.
- S.Res. 377: Executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Proposed
- H.Res. 24: Expunging the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
- H.Res. 25: Expunging the second impeachment of Donald Trump.
Party summary
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the “Changes in membership” section:
Senate party summary
|
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent[b] | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 47 | 4 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[c] | 45 | 2 | 52 | 99 | 1 |
| January 10, 2025[d] | 51 | 98 | 2 | ||
| January 14, 2025[e] | 52 | 99 | 1 | ||
| January 20, 2025[f] | 51 | 98 | 2 | ||
| January 21, 2025[d][f] | 53 | 100 | 0 | ||
| Current voting share | 47% | 53% | |||
House party summary
|
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Republican | |||
| End of previous Congress | 210 | 219 | 429 | 6 |
| Begin (January 3, 2025)[g] | 215 | 219 | 434 | 1 |
| January 20, 2025[h][33] | 218 | 433 | 2 | |
| March 5, 2025[i] | 214 | 432 | 3 | |
| March 13, 2025[j] | 213 | 431 | 4 | |
| April 2, 2025[g][h] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
| May 21, 2025[k] | 212 | 432 | 3 | |
| July 20, 2025[l] | 219 | 431 | 4 | |
| September 10, 2025[k] | 213 | 432 | 3 | |
| November 12, 2025[j][35] | 214 | 433 | 2 | |
| November 20, 2025[m] | 213 | 432 | 3 | |
| December 4, 2025[l] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
| Current voting share | 49.3% | 50.9% | ||
| Non-voting members | 3[n] | 3 | 6 | 0 |
Leadership
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a “caucus”; Republicans refer to themselves as a “conference”.
Senate leadership
Senate Presidents
Kamala Harris (D),
until January 20, 2025
until January 20, 2025
JD Vance (R),
since January 20, 2025
since January 20, 2025
President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)
Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate presiding officers
- President of the Senate:
- Kamala Harris (D) – until January 20, 2025
- JD Vance (R) – since January 20, 2025
- President pro tempore: Chuck Grassley (R)
Senate majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: John Thune (SD)[36]
- Counselors: Steve Daines (MT), Markwayne Mullin (OK), John Cornyn (TX), and Marsha Blackburn (TN)[37]
- Majority Whip: John Barrasso (WY)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Tom Cotton (AR)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Shelley Moore Capito (WV)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: James Lankford (OK)
- Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Tim Scott (SC)
- Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Rick Scott (FL)[38]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo (ID)[39]
- Deputy whips: Jim Banks (IN), Marsha Blackburn (TN), Katie Britt (AL), John Cornyn (TX), Deb Fischer (NE), Markwayne Mullin (OK), Dan Sullivan (AK), Thom Tillis (NC), and Todd Young (IN)[39]
Senate minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer (NY)[40][41]
- Minority Whip: Dick Durbin (IL)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Amy Klobuchar (MN)
- Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Cory Booker (NJ)
- Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Elizabeth Warren (MA) and Mark Warner (VA)
- Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Bernie Sanders (VT)
- Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin (WI)
- Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Kirsten Gillibrand (NY)[42]
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto (NV)
- Deputy Secretaries of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Brian Schatz (HI) and Chris Murphy (CT)
- Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Jeanne Shaheen (NH)[43]
- Vice Chair of the Strategic Communications Committee: Tina Smith (MN)[44]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Brian Schatz (HI)[45]
- Deputy whips: Ben Ray Luján (NM), Jeff Merkley (OR), Jacky Rosen (NV), and Lisa Blunt Rochester (DE)[45]
House leadership
Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson (R)
Mike Johnson (R)
House presiding officer
- Speaker: Mike Johnson (R) (LA 4)
House majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Steve Scalise (LA 1)[46]
- Majority Whip: Tom Emmer (MN 6)
- Chair of the House Republican Conference: Lisa McClain (MI 9)
- Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Richard Hudson (NC 9)
- Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Kevin Hern (OK 1)
- Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Blake Moore (UT 1)
- Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Erin Houchin (IN 9)
- Chair of House Republican Leadership: Elise Stefanik (NY 21)[47]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Guy Reschenthaler (PA 14)
- Sophomore Elected Leadership Committee representative: Russell Fry (SC 7)
- Freshman Elected Leadership Committee representative: Riley Moore (WV 2)
House minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader and Chair of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8)[48]
- Minority Whip: Katherine Clark (MA 5)
- Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Pete Aguilar (CA 33)
- Assistant Democratic Leader: Joe Neguse (CO 2)
- Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Ted Lieu (CA 36)
- Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Suzan DelBene (WA 1)
- Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Dingell (MI 6)
- Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Maxwell Frost (FL 10), Lori Trahan (MA 3), and Lauren Underwood (IL 14)
- Junior Caucus Leadership cepresentative: Robert Garcia (CA 42)
- Battleground Leadership representative: Susie Lee (NV 3)
- Freshman Class Leadership representative: Luz Rivas (CA 29)
- Co-chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Nanette Barragán (CA 44), Robin Kelly (IL 2), and Debbie Wasserman Schultz (FL 25)
Members
Senators
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.
Representatives
All seats were filled by election in November 2024.
Changes in membership
Senate membership changes
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor’s formal installation[s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia (1) | Vacant | Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.[50] | Jim Justice (R) | January 14, 2025 |
| Ohio (3) | JD Vance (R) | Incumbent resigned January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States.[51][52] Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[53] | Jon Husted (R) | January 21, 2025[54] |
| Florida (3) | Marco Rubio (R) | Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become United States Secretary of State.[55] Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[56] | Ashley Moody (R) | January 21, 2025[54] |
House membership changes
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor’s formal installation[s] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida 1 | Vacant | Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[57] A special election was held on April 1, 2025. | Jimmy Patronis (R) | April 2, 2025 |
| Florida 6 | Mike Waltz (R) | Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor.[58][32] A special election was held on April 1, 2025. | Randy Fine (R) | April 2, 2025 |
| Texas 18 | Sylvester Turner (D) | Incumbent died March 5, 2025.[19][59] A special election was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff will be held on January 31, 2026. | TBD (D) | |
| Arizona 7 | Raúl Grijalva (D) | Incumbent died March 13, 2025. A special election was held on September 23, 2025. | Adelita Grijalva (D) | November 12, 2025 |
| Virginia 11 | Gerry Connolly (D) | Incumbent died May 21, 2025. A special election was held on September 9, 2025. | James Walkinshaw (D) | September 10, 2025 |
| Tennessee 7 | Mark Green (R) | Incumbent resigned July 20, 2025, to take a job in the private sector. A special election was held on December 2, 2025. | Matt Van Epps (R) | December 4, 2025 |
| New Jersey 11 | Mikie Sherrill (D) | Incumbent resigned November 20, 2025, after being elected Governor of New Jersey.[60] A special election will be held on April 16, 2026. | ||
| Georgia 14 | Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) | On November 21, 2025, Greene announced her resignation from Congress effective January 5, 2026, citing her disagreements with President Donald Trump.[61] A special election will be called within 30 days of the vacancy. |
Committees
Senate committees
House committees
Joint committees
| Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) | Sen. Maggie Hassan (D-NH) | Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA) |
| Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) Until January 20, 2025 | Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA) | Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) | Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE) |
| Library | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) |
| Printing | Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY) | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) | Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) |
| Taxation[t] | Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO) | Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) | Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA) |
Senior staff
- Officers
- Architect of the Capitol: Thomas Austin
- Attending Physician: Brian P. Monahan
- Organizations
- Capitol Police: J. Thomas Manger
- Congressional Budget Office: Phillip Swagel
- Government Accountability Office: Gene Dodaro
- Government Printing Office: Hugh Halpern
- Library of Congress: Robert Newlen (acting)
- Congressional Research Service: Karen Donfried
- Copyright Office: Shira Perlmutter
- Federal Research Division: Annie Rorem
- Law Library of Congress: Aslihan Bulut
Senate senior staff
- Officers
- Secretary: Jackie Barber
- Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: Jennifer Hemingway
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough
- Party Secretary for the Majority: Robert Duncan (R)
- Party Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick (D)
- Chaplain: Barry Black
- Officials
House senior staff
- Officers
- Chaplain: Margaret G. Kibben
- Chief Administrative Officer: Catherine Szpindor
- Clerk: Kevin McCumber
- Sergeant at Arms: William McFarland
- Officials
- General Counsel: Matthew Berry
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Inspector General: Joseph Picolla
- Parliamentarian: Jason Smith
- Reading Clerks: Susan Cole (R) and Tylease Alli (D)
- Organizations
- Office of Congressional Conduct: Omar Ashmawy
- Office of Interparliamentary Affairs: Kate Knudson
- Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph Seep
- Office of the Legislative Counsel: Warren Burke
- Office of the Whistleblower Ombuds: Shanna Devine
- Office of Congressional Workplace Rights: Martin Crane
Elections
- 2024 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 2026 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
- ^ Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Maine all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation, however Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
- ^ All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.[27]
- ^ a b In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[28] After this resignation, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[29]
- ^ a b In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia.
- ^ a b c In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. His chosen successor, Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[30]
- ^ a b c In Florida’s 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress, and Jimmy Patronis was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[31]
- ^ a b c d In Florida’s 6th district: Mike Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States National Security Advisor, and Randy Fine was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[32]
- ^ a b In Texas’s 18th district: Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025. A special election to elect a successor was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff will be held on January 31, 2026.
- ^ a b c d In Arizona’s 7th district: Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025. Adelita Grijalva was elected on September 23, 2025. She was sworn in on November 12, 2025.
- ^ a b c d In Virginia’s 11th district: Gerry Connolly (D) died on May 21, 2025. James Walkinshaw was elected on September 9, 2025. He was sworn in on September 10, 2025.[34]
- ^ a b c d In Tennessee’s 7th district: Mark Green (R) resigned on July 20, 2025, and Matt Van Epps was elected on December 2, 2025. He was sworn in on December 4, 2025.
- ^ a b In New Jersey’s 11th district: Mikie Sherrill (D) resigned November 20, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Governor of New Jersey. A special election to elect a successor will be held on April 16, 2026.
- ^ Includes a Popular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat.
- ^ a b c d e f The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are considered Democrats.
- ^ In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[28] Jon Husted was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.
- ^ In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[49]
- ^ Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
- ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
- ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
References
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- ^ Skelley, Geoffrey. “Republicans start 2025 with the smallest House majority since 1931”. ABC News.com. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- ^ “Delaware’s Sarah McBride prepares to become first openly transgender member of Congress, hoping for grace – CBS Philadelphia”. www.cbsnews.com. January 2, 2025. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
- ^ Ostermeier, Dr Eric (November 19, 2024). “119th Congress Smashes Record Low for Number of Split US Senate Delegations”. Smart Politics. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
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- ^ Tankersley, Jim (January 4, 2025). “Democrats Got the Recovery They Wanted. It Wasn’t Enough”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
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- ^ “Walkinshaw sworn into Congress after win in Virginia special election”. Washington Post. September 10, 2025.
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- ^ a b “Barrasso Announces Deputy Whip Team”. Sen. John Barrasso. January 7, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
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- ^ Kelly, Niki (December 17, 2024). “Spartz to boycott committees, GOP caucus”. indianacapitalchronicle.com.
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