Summary

The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.  It convened on January 3, 2025, during the final 17 days of Joe Biden’s presidency, and will end in 2027. It will meet during the first two years of Donald Trump’s second presidency.

Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the Senate with 53 Republicans winning their races and 47 Democrats winning their races. See this slider of posts on the new leaders of the Republican senators and this slider of post on the leaders of the  Democratic senators.  To view all the Republican senators,  go this slider of their posts and to view all the Democratic senators,  go this slider of their posts. All the senators can be found in this slider organized alphabetically by state name.

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A small pin held onto an article of clothing with a Congressional seal on it
119th Congress House member pin

The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, during the last weeks of Joe Biden’s presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump’s second presidency.

Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House though the party lost 2 seats in the election and thus ended up with a 5 seat majority instead of it’s previous 7 seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three seat majority in the Senate after winning 4 seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump’s second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump’s first term.[1]

The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride of Delaware).[2][3] It also featured the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment which established the direct election of U.S. Senators.[4][a]

History

Further information: 2025 in United States politics and government

In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential election, securing a second non-consecutive term.[5] The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.[6][7][8][9]

The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, John Thune was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[10][11]

The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority in House history with the 65th Congress.[12] Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[13]

On January 6, a joint session convened to count the presidential Electoral College votes. The proceedings were peaceful, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden‘s certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results.[14]

Major events

Donald Trump takes the oath of office as the 47th president of the United States
President Donald Trump addressing Congress, with Vice President JD Vance and House Speaker Mike Johnson.

Major legislation

Enacted

President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, January 29, 2025
President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, January 29, 2025
Main article: List of acts of the 119th United States Congress

Proposed (but not enacted)

Main article: List of bills in the 119th United States Congress
  • H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act (passed House, Senate cloture motion failed)
  • H.R. 28: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act (passed House, Senate cloture motion failed)

Major resolutions

Adopted

Proposed

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the “Changes in membership” section:

Senate party summary

  • Senate membership
  • January 21, 2025 – present
    January 21, 2025 – present
 Party

(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticIndependent[b]Republican
End of previous Congress474491000
Begin (January 3, 2025)[c]45252991
January 10, 2025[d]51982
January 14, 2025[e]52991
January 20, 2025[f]51982
January 21, 2025[d][f]531000
Current voting share47%53% 

House party summary

  • House membership
  • March 13, 2025 – present
    March 13, 2025 – present
  • Begin (January 3, 2025 – January 20, 2025)
    Begin (January 3, 2025 – January 20, 2025)
  • January 20, 2025 – March 5, 2025
    January 20, 2025 – March 5, 2025
  • March 5, 2025 – March 13, 2025
    March 5, 2025 – March 13, 2025
 Party

(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticRepublican
End of previous Congress2102194296
Begin (January 3, 2025)[g]2152194341
January 20, 2025[h]2184332
March 5, 2025[i]2144323
March 13, 2025[j]2134314
Current voting share49.4%50.6%
Non-voting members3[k]360

Leadership

Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a “caucus”; Republicans refer to themselves as a “conference”.

Senate leadership

Senate Presidents
VP Kamala Harris
Kamala Harris (D),
until January 20, 2025
VP JD Vance
JD Vance (R),
since January 20, 2025
President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)

Senate presiding officers

Senate Majority (Republican) leadership

Senate Minority (Democratic) leadership

House leadership

Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson (R)

House presiding officer

House Majority (Republican) leadership

House Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

See also: List of new members of the 119th United States Congress

Senate membership

For year of birth, when first took office, prior background, and education, see List of current United States senators.

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.

House membership

Further information: List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

All seats were filled by election in November 2024.

Changes in membership

Senate membership changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor’s
formal installation[q]
West Virginia
(1)		VacantSenator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.[40]Jim Justice
(R)		January 14, 2025
Ohio
(3)		JD Vance
(R)		Incumbent resigned on January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States.[41][42]
Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[43]		Jon Husted
(R)		January 21, 2025[44]
Florida
(3)		Marco Rubio
(R)		Incumbent resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States Secretary of State.[45]
Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.[46]		Ashley Moody
(R)		January 21, 2025[44]

House membership changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor’s
formal installation[q]
Florida 1VacantMatt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[47]
A special election will be held on April 1, 2025.
Florida 6Michael Waltz
(R)		Incumbent resigned on January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor.[48][26]
A special election will be held on April 1, 2025.
Texas 18Sylvester Turner
(D)		Incumbent died March 5, 2025.[17][49] A special election will be held on a date TBD.
Arizona 7

Raúl Grijalva
(D)

Incumbent died on March 13, 2025. A special election will be held on September 23, 2025.

Committees

Senate committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member
Aging (Special)Rick Scott (R-FL)Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY)
Agriculture, Nutrition and ForestryJohn Boozman (R-AR)Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
AppropriationsSusan Collins (R-ME)Patty Murray (D-WA)
Armed ServicesRoger Wicker (R-MS)Jack Reed (D-RI)
Banking, Housing and Urban AffairsTim Scott (R-SC)Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)
BudgetLindsey Graham (R-SC)Jeff Merkley (D-OR)
Commerce, Science and TransportationTed Cruz (R-TX)Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Energy and Natural ResourcesMike Lee (R-UT)Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
Environment and Public WorksShelley Moore Capito (R-WV)Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
Ethics (Select)James Lankford (R-OK)Chris Coons (D-DE)
FinanceMike Crapo (R-ID)Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Foreign RelationsJim Risch (R-ID)Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)
Health, Education, Labor and PensionsBill Cassidy (R-LA)Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsRand Paul (R-KY)Gary Peters (D-MI)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)Brian Schatz (D-HI)
Intelligence (Select)Tom Cotton (R-AR)Mark Warner (D-VA)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)John Cornyn (R-TX)Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
JudiciaryChuck Grassley (R-IA)Dick Durbin (D-IL)
Rules and AdministrationMitch McConnell (R-KY)Alex Padilla (D-CA)
Small Business and EntrepreneurshipJoni Ernst (R-IA)Ed Markey (D-MA)
Veterans’ AffairsJerry Moran (R-KS)Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

House committees

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member
AgricultureGlenn Thompson (R-PA)Angie Craig (D-MN)
AppropriationsTom Cole (R-OK)Rosa DeLauro (D-CT)
Armed ServicesMike Rogers (R-AL)Adam Smith (D-WA)
BudgetJodey Arrington (R-TX)Brendan Boyle (D-PA)
Education and WorkforceTim Walberg (R-MI)Bobby Scott (D-VA)
Energy and CommerceBrett Guthrie (R-KY)Frank Pallone (D-NJ)
EthicsMichael Guest (R-MS)Mark DeSaulnier (D-CA)
Financial ServicesFrench Hill (R-AR)Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Foreign AffairsBrian Mast (R-FL)Gregory Meeks (D-NY)
Homeland SecurityMark Green (R-TN)Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House AdministrationBryan Steil (R-WI)Joe Morelle (R-NY)
Intelligence (Permanent Select)Rick Crawford (R-AR)Jim Himes (D-CT)
JudiciaryJim Jordan (R-OH)Jamie Raskin (D-MD)
Natural ResourcesBruce Westerman (R-AR)Jared Huffman (D-CA)
Oversight and Government ReformJames Comer (R-KY)Gerry Connolly (D-VA)
RulesVirginia Foxx (R-NC)Jim McGovern (D-MA)
Science, Space and TechnologyBrian Babin (R-TX)Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
Small BusinessRoger Williams (R-TX)Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Strategic Competition between the United States
and the Chinese Communist Party (Select)		John Moolenaar (R-MI)Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL)
Transportation and InfrastructureSam Graves (R-MO)Rick Larsen (D-WA)
Veterans’ AffairsMike Bost (R-IL)Mark Takano (D-CA)
Ways and MeansJason Smith (R-MO)Richard Neal (D-MA)

Joint committees

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
CommitteeChairVice ChairRanking MemberVice Ranking Member
EconomicRep. David Schweikert (R-AZ)Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO)Sen. Maggie Hassan (D-NH)Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA)
Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)
Until January 20, 2025		Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA)Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
LibraryRep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY)Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)
PrintingSen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY)Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA)
Taxation[r]Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO)Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID)Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR)Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA)

Senior staff

Officers
Organizations

Senate senior staff

Officers
Officials

House senior staff

Officers
Officials
Organizations

Elections

Notes

  1. ^ Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Maine all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation, however Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
  2. ^ All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
  3. ^ In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.[21]
  4. ^ a b In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[22] After this resignation, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[23]
  5. ^ a b In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia.
  6. ^ a b c In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. His chosen successor, Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[24]
  7. ^ a b In Florida’s 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress. A special election will be held on April 1, 2025.[25]
  8. ^ a b In Florida’s 6th district: Michael Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States National Security Advisor. A special election will be held on April 1, 2025.[26]
  9. ^ a b In Texas’s 18th district: Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025.
  10. ^ a b In Arizona’s 7th district: Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025.
  11. ^ Includes a Popular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat.
  12. ^ a b c d e f The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are considered Democrats.
  13. ^ In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[22] Jon Husted was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.
  14. ^ In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[39]
  15. ^ Elise Stefanik was nominated by Donald Trump to become United States Ambassador to the United Nations in his second term. If confirmed, she will resign her seat, and a special election will be held TBD.
  16. ^ Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
  17. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  18. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

References

  1. ^ “Balance of Power in the U.S. House and Senate”. Bloomberg Government. February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
  2. ^ Skelley, Geoffrey. “Republicans start 2025 with the smallest House majority since 1931”. ABC News.com. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  3. ^ “Delaware’s Sarah McBride prepares to become first openly transgender member of Congress, hoping for grace – CBS Philadelphia”. www.cbsnews.com. January 2, 2025. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
  4. ^ Ostermeier, Dr Eric (November 19, 2024). “119th Congress Smashes Record Low for Number of Split US Senate Delegations”. Smart Politics. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  5. ^ “Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins”. The New York Times. November 5, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
  6. ^ Tankersley, Jim (January 4, 2025). “Democrats Got the Recovery They Wanted. It Wasn’t Enough”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
  7. ^ Stein, Jeff; Bhattarai, Abha; Gowen, Annie (November 6, 2024). “Voter anger over economy boosts Trump in 2024, baffling Democrats”. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
  8. ^ Jordan, Miriam (November 6, 2024). “Voters Were Fed Up Over Immigration. They Voted for Trump”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
  9. ^ Ensign, Rachel; Wolfe, Rachel; Lahart, Justin (November 6, 2024). “How Trump Won the Economy-Is-Everything Election”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 4, 2025.
  10. ^ Everett, Burgess (January 5, 2025). “Mitch McConnell announces his exit as Senate GOP leader”. Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
  11. ^ Goodwin, Liz; Wells, Dylan; LeVine, Marianne (November 13, 2024). “Senate Republicans choose John Thune to replace Mitch McConnell as majority leader”. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
  12. ^ Edmondson, Catie (December 4, 2024). “Mike Johnson’s Newest Headache: The Smallest House Majority in History”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  13. ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025). “Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
  14. ^ Peterson, Kristina; Stech Ferek, Katy; Martinez, Xavier (January 6, 2025). “Congress Certifies Trump’s Election Win”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
  15. ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025). “Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2025.
  16. ^ Galston, William A.; Kamarck, Elaine. “Trump’s second inaugural address: Immigration, culture, and conflict”. Brookings. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
  17. ^ a b Scherer, Jasper (March 5, 2025). “Congressman and former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner dies”. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
  18. ^ Lozano, Juan A. (March 5, 2025). “US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70”. AP News. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
  19. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica; Ferris, Sarah; Grayer, Annie (March 6, 2025). “10 Democrats join with Republicans to censure Rep. Al Green for Trump speech protest”. CNN. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  20. ^ Foran, Clare (March 13, 2025). “Democratic Rep. Raúl Grijalva dies at 77 after battle with cancer”. CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  21. ^ Altimari, Daniela (December 27, 2024). “Jim Justice to Delay Senate Swearing-In to Avert Knotty Succession in West Virginia”. Roll Call. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  22. ^ a b Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). “Vance Resigning Senate Seat Effective at Midnight”. CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  23. ^ “Jon Husted sworn in as Ohio’s newest senator”. spectrumnews1.com. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
  24. ^ Perry, Mitch (January 21, 2025). “Ashley Moody sworn in as U.S. senator, while Marco Rubio takes over at State • Florida Phoenix”. Florida Phoenix. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
  25. ^ Shabad, Rebecca (November 22, 2024). “Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn’t Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump’s Pick for Attorney General”. NBC News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  26. ^ a b Brooks, Emily (November 25, 2024). “Mike Waltz to Resign from House Day of Inauguration to Join Trump Administration”. The Hill. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
  27. ^ Bennett, John T.; Fulton, Jacob; McIntire, Mary Ellen. “Thune elected to replace McConnell as next Senate GOP leader”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  28. ^ Kight, Stef W. (January 13, 2025). “Thune Picks His Senate Inner Circle”. Axios. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
  29. ^ Carney, Jordain (January 15, 2025). “Scott to Lead Senate Conservative Group”. Retrieved January 15, 2025.
  30. ^ a b “Barrasso Announces Deputy Whip Team”. Sen. John Barrasso. January 7, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  31. ^ King, Ryan (December 3, 2024). “Chuck Schumer unanimously reelected Senate Dem leader”. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  32. ^ “Schumer reelected as Senate Democratic leader”. POLITICO. December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  33. ^ Perano, Ursula (January 6, 2025). “Gillibrand to Chair Senate Democrats’ Campaign Arm for 2026 Cycle”. Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2025.
  34. ^ “Democratic Steering & Policy Committee”. Democratic Steering & Policy Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
  35. ^ “Democratic Strategic Communications Committee”. Democratic Strategic Communications Committee. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
  36. ^ a b “Durbin Announces Senate Democratic Whip Operations For 119th Congress”. Dick Durbin United States Senator Illinois Newsroom. December 4, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  37. ^ Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela; Bennett, John T.; McIntire, Mary Ellen. “House GOP nominates Johnson for speaker, taps McClain for conference chair”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  38. ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen; Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela. “House Democrats hold low-fuss leadership elections”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  39. ^ Kelly, Niki (December 17, 2024). “Spartz to boycott committees, GOP caucus”. indianacapitalchronicle.com.
  40. ^ Carney, Jordain (December 26, 2024). “Justice’s Senate plan”. Politico. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
  41. ^ “JD Vance elected Vice President”. CNN. November 6, 2024. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  42. ^ Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025). “Vance resigning Senate seat effective at midnight”. CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  43. ^ “Replacing Vance in Senate will be DeWine’s decision”. The Review. Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  44. ^ a b Weaver, Al. “Senate GOP reaches full 53-seat majority as Husted, Moody sworn in”. The Hill. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
  45. ^ Crowley, Michael (January 20, 2025). “Marco Rubio Is Confirmed by Senate as Secretary of State”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
  46. ^ “DeSantis aims to appoint Marco Rubio’s Senate replacement by early January”. APnews. November 18, 2024. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  47. ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen (November 22, 2024). “Matt Gaetz says he won’t return to Congress next year”. Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
  48. ^ Faguy, Ana (November 11, 2024). “Trump taps Michael Waltz as next US national security adviser”. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  49. ^ “Sylvester Turner, former Houston mayor and Congressman for District 18, dead at 70”. KTRK-TV ABC13 Eyewitness News. March 5, 2025. Retrieved March 5, 2025.


source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress#