US House- 118th Congress

US House - 2022

Summary

The 118th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of Joe Biden’s presidency.

In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents).[b] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th.

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U.S. House: Debate on Impeachment Resolution Against President Trump – Jan. 13, 2021

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Pelosi heads to Taiwan this wee
Politico, Andrew Desiderio & Alexander Ward – August 1, 2022

Pelosi heads to Taiwan this week despite warnings from Xi and Biden
The speaker is the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit in decades.

Speaker Nancy Pelosi is scheduled to travel to Taiwan this week, according to a congressional official and a Taiwanese official familiar with the itinerary.

The trip would make her the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit the self-governing island in decades.

Pelosi’s travel plans, which remain officially unconfirmed, have been the subject of bellicose rhetoric from China over the past few weeks — including suggestions that her plane could be shot down.

Jan. 6 House Committee Argues Trump Was Involved In ‘Criminal Conspiracy’
NBC News – March 3, 2022 (04:36)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2qQL04-obs
House hearing on missing girls from Black, indigenous and other communities of color
March 3, 2022 – 11:00 am to 1:00 pm (ET)

https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/politics/elise-stefanik-biden-putin-russia-ukraine-invasion/index.html

HOUSE … House Intelligence Chair Rep. Adam Schiff holds news briefing on Ukraine and Russia
February 24, 2022 – 12:00 pm to 12:10 pm (ET)

https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/politics/elise-stefanik-biden-putin-russia-ukraine-invasion/index.html

STEFANIK … A remarkable Republican statement on the Ukraine invasion
Chris Cillizza – February 24, 2022

Elise Stefanik is the third-ranking Republican in the House for one main reason: Her unstinting loyalty to Donald Trump. And she hasn’t forgotten that fact.

While many of her GOP colleagues were heavily ridiculing Russian President Vladimir Putin on Thursday for his invasion of Ukraine, Stefanik took a different tack, focusing her criticism on President Joe Biden and laying Russian aggression at his feet.

Here’s the key bit of her statement:

“After just one year of a weak, feckless, and unfit President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief, the world is less safe. Rather than peace through strength, we are witnessing Joe Biden’s foreign policy of war through weakness. For the past year, our adversaries around the world have been assessing and measuring Joe Biden’s leadership on the world stage, and he has abysmally failed on every metric. From kinetic and deadly attacks on our allies and partners, to the catastrophic withdrawal and surrender in Afghanistan, to the cyber attacks impeding American industry and infrastructure, to today’s Russian invasion of Ukraine, Joe Biden and his Administration have failed America and the world.”

CONGRESS…House Speaker Nancy Pelosi holds weekly news briefing
Politico, February 23, 2022 – 11:30 am (ET)

https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/08/house-staffers-unionization-00006936

WATCH LIVE: House Foreign Affairs hearing on the Black diaspora and strengthening investment abroad
Politico, February 16, 2022 – 1:45 pm to 3:15 pm (ET)

https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/08/house-staffers-unionization-00006936

UNIONIZING CONGRESS… House staffers confront reality of unionization: ‘No one knows how it would work
Politico, Katherine Tully-Mcmanus et al. – February 8, 2022

While congressional staffers’ talk of unionizing its long-overlooked workforce has suddenly accelerated, they’re already crashing headfirst into the more complicated reality.

Buoyed by an endorsement from Speaker Nancy Pelosi herself, dozens of senior House staff, mostly on the Democratic side, are searching for the next steps for their union drive. But it turns out that many of the problems with the Capitol as a workplace — notably, that there are more than 535 offices, each of which sets their own policies — are some of the same reasons it would be so tricky to collectively organize.

While lawmakers approving a resolution to officially grant staff the right to organize is the clear next step, most employees agree where to go from there remains incredibly murky. Senior House aides confirmed that institutional lawyers are looking into the matter, acknowledging there are huge questions about what comes next. For staff, that includes how to keep union momentum in an environment subject to high employee turnover and whether senior staff could be in the same union as junior staff.

REDISTRICTING… Supreme Court lets GOP-drawn Alabama congressional map that critics say dilutes power of Black voters stay in place
Ariane de Vogue – February 7, 2022

The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, allowed a congressional map drawn by Alabama Republicans to remain in place Monday, freezing a lower court ruling that said the map likely violates the Voting Rights Act by diluting the political power of Black voters.

The lower court had ordered a new map to be drawn, which could have led to Democrats gaining another seat in the House in the fall.
Chief Justice John Roberts joined the three liberal justices in dissent.
The justices also said they would hear arguments over the map, adding another potentially explosive issue — concerning the scope of a key provision of the Voting Rights Act — to the court’s docket.
The court’s order, the first dealing with the 2022 elections, means that the map will be used for the state’s upcoming primary, and likely be in place for the entire election cycle, while the legal challenge plays out.
The order pauses an opinion by a panel of three judges that held that the Alabama map likely violates Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act because it only includes one district where Black voters have the opportunity to elect a candidate of their choice.
Justice Brett Kavanaugh, writing for himself and fellow conservative Justice Samuel Alito, said the court acted in order to maintain the status quo while the justices consider the issue. Kavanaugh said the court’s order “does not make or signal any change” to voting rights law.
But Roberts, who again found himself siding with the court’s three liberals, said that while he agreed the court should take up the issue for next term to “resolve the wide ranging uncertainties” in the case, he would have allowed the district court opinion to stand while the appeals process played out. The Supreme Court will hear the full case next fall.
“The District Court properly applied existing law in an extensive opinion with no apparent errors for our correction,” Roberts wrote.
Justice Elena Kagan, writing for her liberal colleagues Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor, wrote a much more strongly worded dissent.
Kagan said the majority had gone “badly wrong” in granting Alabama’s request to freeze the lower court opinion and the court’s decision “forces Black Alabamians to suffer what under the law is clear vote dilution.” She said the decision will undermine a key section of the Voting Rights Act.
She also said the court shouldn’t issue such an impactful order on its emergency docket (which critics refer to as its “shadow docket”) without full briefing and oral argument.
“Today’s decision is one more in a disconcertingly long line of cases in which this Court uses its shadow docket to signal or make changes in the law, without anything approaching full briefing and argument,” she said.
She said the court’s action “does a disservice” to Black Alabamians who “have had their electoral power diminished — in violation of a law this court once knew to buttress all of American democracy.”

A dispute targeted at how courts apply the Voting Rights Act cases in redistricting

Alabama’s congressional redistricting plan was challenged under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, a VRA provision that has been a crucial tool for voting rights advocates after the Supreme Court gutted another section of the law that required certain states to get federal approval for its maps.
The lower court panel, which included two judges appointed by former President Donald Trump, said that Alabama was required to draw a second district where Blacks made up a majority of voters or close to it. Their decision pointed to Supreme Court precedent for how VRA redistricting cases should be handled.
Before Monday’s ruling, US Rep. Mo Brooks complained to Alabama.com that “skin pigmentation” should not factor into the congressional redistricting process.
“These liberal activist judges have tried to segregate us based on race, I find that abominable, in order to elect people in certain parts of the state based on race, which I also think is abominable. We’ve got to put the skin pigmentation issue behind us,” the Alabama Republican told the outlet Saturday, remarking later on “the concept that Blacks can only be elected in Black districts, and Whites should have districts of their own in which they get elected. I believe that is racist and I oppose it.”
Alabama, in seeking the Supreme Court’s intervention, had argued that race had been improperly used in the proceedings to determine whether Alabama was obligated under the law to draw a second minority-majority district.
Alabama, in its arguments to the court, is asking the Supreme Court to “cut back significantly on the scope of Section (Two of) the Voting Rights Act in redistricting cases,” Rick Hasen, an election law expert, wrote in an analysis of the case last week.
“A cutback could have major negative implications for African-American and other racial minority representation in Congress, in state legislatures, and in local bodies across the country, making it harder to require jurisdictions to draw districts where minority voters can elect representatives of their choice,” Hasen, a law professor at University of California-Irvine, wrote on the election law blog.
RNC CENSURES… Cheney, Kinzinger for involvement in January 6 committee
Gabby Orr – February 4, 2022

Republican National Committee members voted Friday to formally censure GOP Reps. Liz Cheney of Wyoming and Adam Kinzinger of Illinois for their involvement with the House investigation into the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol.

The unprecedented move marks the first time the national party has rebuked an incumbent congressional Republican — much less two — with a formal censure backed by its members. Prior to its passage, RNC members pushed to have the resolution watered down to remove language calling for Cheney and Kinzinger’s expulsion from the House GOP Conference — a strictly symbolic measure given that the party does not have the authority to decide who does or does not serve in Congress.
Cheney and Kinzinger have both played active roles in the House select committee’s probe of former President Donald Trump’s activities before and during the riot at the Capitol last January. Their status as the lone Republicans on the panel has drawn scorn from fellow GOP lawmakers and party officials who believe they are enabling an unfair investigation led by congressional Democrats.
“This is not about dissenting views. This is about them helping [House Speaker] Nancy Pelosi,” said David Bossie, a Trump ally and national committeeman from Maryland, who drafted the original resolution seeking to oust Cheney and Kinzinger from the GOP caucus.
In a statement ahead of the resolution’s passage, Cheney said the punitive measure marked “a sad day for the party of Lincoln.”
“If the price of being willing to tell the truth and get to the bottom of what happened on January 6 and make sure that those who are responsible are held accountable is a censure, then I am absolutely going to continue to stand up for what I knew was right,” she said.
Several Republicans, including Utah Sen. Mitt Romney, the 2012 presidential nominee, have criticized the motion to censure Cheney and Kinzinger, who were among 10 House GOP lawmakers who voted to impeach Trump last year for his role in inciting the Capitol riot. .
“Shame falls on a party that would censure persons of conscience, who seek truth in the face of vitriol. Honor attaches to Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger for seeking truth even when doing so comes at great personal cost,” Romney said in a tweet a few hours before Friday’s vote.
REDISTRICTING … Judges take over drawing dozens of House districts — and throw Dems a bone
Politico, ALLY MUTNICK – February 4, 2022

The redistricting wars are shifting into a new arena: the courtroom.

Most states have finished their maps already, but state and federal courts will direct the drawing of some 75 congressional districts in at least seven states in the coming months, marking a new phase in the process before the first 2022 primaries begin. In the next few weeks alone, North Carolina, Ohio and Pennsylvania courts are likely to impose new maps blocking Republican legislators’ attempts to relegate Democrats to small slivers of those congressional delegations.

Taken together, the court interventions have eased Democratic fears about redistricting as they sweat over a tough midterm political environment. So far, the decisions have validated the party’s state-by-state legal strategy and, critically, offered a surprising reprieve from several Republican gerrymandering attempts before a single election could be held under the new lines.

House accuses Trump attorney John Eastman of stalling on Jan. 6 subpoena
Politico, Josh Gerstein et al. – January 31, 2022

The House of Representatives’ top lawyer accused John Eastman, a key legal adviser to former President Donald Trump, of dragging out his response to a House subpoena and frustrating a House panel’s efforts to investigate Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election results.

During a hearing before a federal judge overseeing a lawsuit Eastman brought to prevent his former employer, Chapman University, from turning over more than 94,000 pages of emails to the House panel, House General Counsel Douglas Letter said Eastman was seeking to “defeat” the subpoena by reviewing the earliest subpoenaed records first rather than those from around the time of the Electoral College showdown in Congress on Jan. 6, 2021.

The U.S. District Court judge, David Carter, based in Los Angeles, has already ordered Eastman to review 1,500 pages of records per day — a process he noted on Monday would take about 13 weeks — but the House has asked Eastman to prioritize emails from between Jan. 4 and Jan 7, 2021. The subpoena to Chapman University asked for all of Eastman’s records between Nov. 3, 2020 and Jan. 20, 2021, and the school initially indicated it planned to turn them all over to the committee. But Eastman sued to block the subpoena, resulting in Carter’s order last week.

HOUSE DEMOCRATS… pivot to economy in search of next legislative win
Politico, Sarah Ferris – January 31, 2022

A potential violent conflict between Russia and Ukraine. A high-stakes Supreme Court confirmation. A looming government funding deadline.

Despite those stressors, House Democrats return to Washington this week with tunnel vision on the economy, intent on countering fears of rising inflation and snarled supply chains that have flared up at home in recent weeks, particularly in battleground districts.

Many in the party acknowledge they will need to do some serious damage control — passing new measures, as well as taking credit for President Joe Biden’s earlier recovery bill, which they say staved off a total economic free-fall — before the midterm elections in less than 10 months.

House Democrats pass Biden’s social safety net expansion but major obstacles await in the Senate
Clare Foran, Kristin Wilson and Daniella Diaz – November 19, 2021

House Democrats have voted to pass President Joe Biden’s sweeping $1.9 trillion social safety net expansion legislation, a victory for the party even as the legislation faces a tough road ahead in the Senate.

The final tally was 220 to 213. Rep. Jared Golden of Maine was the only Democrat to vote against the bill and no Republicans voted for it.

The vote took place on Friday morning after House GOP leader Kevin McCarthy stalled an effort to vote Thursday evening by delivering a record-breaking marathon floor speech overnight.

The sweeping economic legislation stands as a key pillar of Biden’s domestic agenda. It would deliver on longstanding Democratic priorities by dramatically expanding social services for Americans, working to mitigate the climate crisis, increasing access to health care and delivering aid to families and children.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi celebrated the legislation’s passage after the vote. “This bill is monumental. It’s historic, it’s transformative, it’s bigger than anything we’ve ever done,” she said at a press conference.

But Democrats face a major challenge now that the bill has been approved by the House and must be taken up by the Senate, an effort that will put party unity to the ultimate test.

McCarthy says he’d put Greene and Gosar back on committees if Republicans win House
Melanie Zanona – November 18, 2021

House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy said Thursday that he would reinstate Reps. Paul Gosar of Arizona and Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia on committees — potentially even “better” ones — if Republicans win back the House after next year’s midterms.

“They’ll have committees,” McCarthy said at his weekly news conference. “They may have other committee assignments, they may have better ones. … Taylor Greene, she was just a freshman. She has a right to serve on committees.”

The California Republican also hinted that a GOP majority may kick some House Democrats off their committee seats and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.

“Pelosi has set new policies here. Those same members that I talked about in my speech … voted for these new policies,” McCarthy said, alluding to Democratic Reps. Maxine Waters of California, Adam Schiff of California, Eric Swalwell of California and Ilhan Omar of Minnesota. “This isn’t about threats, but it’s about holding people accountable.

“I think the majority is going to have to approve any of those members on the committees on which they can serve,” he added.

Pelosi told CNN’s Manu Raju earlier Thursday that she is not concerned that Republicans plan to retaliate and strip Democrats from their committee spots should the GOP win the House majority next year.

House plans to vote Wednesday to censure Paul Gosar and strip him of committee assignments
Annie Grayer – November 16, 2021

The House will vote Wednesday on a resolution that both censures Republican Rep. Paul Gosar of Arizona and strips him of his two committee assignments.

A revised proposal released by the House Rules Committee on Tuesday night outlined that Democrats will seek to remove him from the Committee on Oversight and Reform, as well as the House Committee on Natural Resources.

Gosar is facing censure for his posting of a photoshopped anime video to his Twitter and Instagram accounts showing him appearing to kill Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York and attacking President Joe Biden.

Gosar, who later took down the video after facing criticism but did not apologize, sits on the Oversight Committee alongside Ocasio-Cortez.

A censure resolution is the most severe form of punishment in the House, and requires the censured member to stand in the well of the House while the resolution is read out loud. The last lawmaker to be censured was then-Rep. Charlie Rangel, a New York Democrat, for multiple ethics violations back in 2010.

Jayapal on why progressives chose pragmatism: ‘We need to keep our eyes on the prize’
John Harwood – November 7, 2021

The Congressional Progressive Caucus got the White House message — no more delay. Members embraced a compromise economic package as the best available deal, and accepted private assurances of Senate support.

Then Joe Manchin, one of the recalcitrant senators they were counting on, went before television cameras to warn he might sink the negotiated plan. His sniping was shimmering bait for a political fight, but the Progressive Caucus didn’t bite.

“The best thing we could do was ignore it,” Rep. Pramila Jayapal, the caucus chairwoman, explained in an interview. “We need to keep our eyes on the prize.”

The prize — President Joe Biden’s two-part agenda of $1.2 trillion for infrastructure and nearly $2 trillion for fighting climate change and helping struggling families — appeared even more elusive by week’s end. As the House prepared to pass both, a handful of House moderates, mimicking Manchin’s resistance, threatened the intra-party balancing act Biden and Speaker Nancy Pelosi had built their legislative strategy around.

After hours of tense wrangling, the 96-member progressive group again chose pragmatism in pursuit of legislative achievement.

All but six backed the infrastructure bill, allowing it to pass and go the White House for Biden’s signature. For the more controversial larger bill on which the compromise had been struck, progressives settled for assurances from wavering colleagues of passage later this month.

These 6 House Democrats voted against the infrastructure bill. These 13 Republicans voted for it.
Annie Grayer – November 5, 2021

The House on Friday voted 228-206 to pass a $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill after hours of delays and debating among Democrats, sending the bipartisan measure to President Joe Biden’s desk for his signature.

But while Democratic leaders managed to unify House progressives and moderates to hold a vote on the Senate-passed bill, not all members of the party ultimately supported it.

A number of progressives — who have consistently called for both the infrastructure and the separate economic package, known as the Build Back Better Act, to move together — voted “no” on the legislation.

Key Trump allies granted postponements by January 6 committee
Ryan Nobles – October 28, 2021

Former Justice Department official Jeffrey Clark will not testify Friday before the House select committee investigating the January 6 insurrection, according to a committee aide and a source with knowledge of the matter.

Clark, a Justice Department official who was integral to helping then-President Donald Trump in his efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election, was given a postponement after he parted ways with his lawyer and is retaining new counsel, the committee aide said.
In addition, former Trump aide Dan Scavino has been granted a brief postponement from responding to his subpoena and is continuing to “engage” with the committee, the aide said.
The Trump allies’ testimony could help House investigators fill in the blanks about the former President’s thinking — and potentially point them to other key players around him.
House Budget Committee votes to pass the $3.5 trillion spending bill
Kristin Wilson, Alex Rogers and Manu Raju – September 25, 2021

(CNN)The House Budget Committee voted Saturday to pass the $3.5 trillion spending bill out of committee and send it to the House floor.

The vote was 20 to 17 with Democratic Rep. Scott Peters of California joining Republicans to vote against the bill. It came as a necessary step for the bill to reach the full House floor, where it can be amended.
Democrats have been struggling to pass President Joe Biden’s economic agenda, including the massive tax and spending bill that would expand education, health care and childcare support, address the climate crisis and make further investments in infrastructure.
The bill has raised concerns among moderates who worry some of the measures, including on drug pricing and climate, go too far, as progressives say they’ve already compromised enough. Republicans are united in their opposition to it. During its Saturday meeting, the House Budget committee could not change what other committees have already voted to approve.
House passes bill to avert shutdown and suspend debt limit though Senate passage is unlikely
Clare Foran and Annie Grayer – September 21, 2021

The House of Representatives voted to pass legislation on Tuesday to prevent a government shutdown at the end of the month and suspend the nation’s borrowing limit, setting up a showdown with Republicans who insist Democrats should act alone to stave off a looming debt crisis. The party line vote was 220-211.

Government funding is set to expire on September 30, but the stopgap bill the House approved would extend funding and keep the government open through December 3. In addition, the measure includes a debt limit suspension through December 16, 2022. It would also provide $28.6 billion in disaster relief funding and $6.3 billion to assist Afghanistan evacuees.
The bill now faces an uphill battle in the Senate. By attaching the debt limit suspension to the must-pass funding bill, Democrats are essentially daring Republicans to vote no and spark a shutdown.
It’s not yet clear what Democrats’ plan B would be if the effort to avert a shutdown and suspend the debt limit runs aground in the Senate, as it appears is on track to happen.

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Wikipedia

For a general discussion of the United States government’s legislative branch, see United States Congress.

A small pin held onto an article of clothing with a Congressional seal on it
118th Congress House member pin from both the 1st and 2nd session

The 118th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of Joe Biden’s presidency.

In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents).[b] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th.[1]

This congress also featured the first female Senate president pro tempore (Patty Murray), the first Black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell and Dick Durbin).[c] The Senate had the highest number of Independent members in a single Congress since the ratification of the 17th Amendment after Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an Independent.[2]

The 118th Congress was characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.[3] The intense gridlock, particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference’s majority was often undercut by internal disputes among its members,[4] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever.[5] By August 2024, the Congress has passed only 78 laws, less than a third of the next lowest laws per Congress in the 112th Congress, which also featured a Republican House opposing the Democratic Senate and White House.[6] This resulted in the need for a legislative coalition to pass key legislation allowing the minority to exercise powers usually reserved for the majority. The fractious session demotivated many veteran legislators, with five committee chairs among the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.[7] A higher-than-average number of retiring lawmakers were those attempting to pass bipartisan and collaborative legislation.[8] Two complete discharge petitions were filed in late 2024, both Republican-led with majority Democratic support, demonstrating a trend towards bucking leadership and lack of party discipline;[9] such a gambit was last successful in 2015 to support the Export–Import Bank. The second of these, a bill to remove certain Social Security restrictions, was subject to an unusual legislative procedure when a chair pro forma called forth a motion to table on a bill while the chamber was empty, flouting House convention and agreements.[10]

The Congress began with a multi-ballot election for Speaker of the House, which had not happened since the 68th Congress in 1923. Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on bipartisan votes to get out of a debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown threats, McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.[11] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.[12][13] Congress finalized the 2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separate minibus packages.[14] Following a contentious foreign-aid vote, a motion to remove Johnson from the speakership was defeated in a bipartisan vote.[15]

Partisan disciplinary actions also increased. With the expulsion of New York representative George Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the speaker, this was the first congress since the 107th in which a member was expelled, and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of censures passed in the House,[16] being the first congress with multiple censures since the 1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden,[17] followed by the impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since William W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.[18][19] The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.[20]

Major events

President Biden during his 2023 State of the Union Address with Vice President Kamala Harris and then House Speaker Kevin McCarthy
President Biden during his 2024 State of the Union Address with Vice President Harris and House Speaker Mike Johnson
Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida addressing a joint session of Congress with Vice President Harris and House Speaker Mike Johnson
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addresses a joint session of Congress with House Speaker Mike Johnson and Senator Ben Cardin
Further information: 2023 in the United States and 2024 in the United States

Major legislation

Enacted

Main article: List of acts of the 118th United States Congress

Proposed (but not enacted)

Main article: List of bills in the 118th United States Congress
House bills
Senate bills
  • Passed, but vetoed

Major resolutions

Adopted

Proposed

Vetoed

  • H.J.Res. 27: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to “Revised Definition of ‘Waters of the United States'”.
  • H.J.Res. 30: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights”.
  • H.J.Res. 39: Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to “Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414”.
  • H.J.Res. 42: Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022.
  • H.J.Res. 45: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to “Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans”.
  • H.J.Res. 98: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to “Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status”.
  • H.J.Res. 109: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to “Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121”.
  • S.J.Res. 11: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to “Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards”.
  • S.J.Res. 32: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to “Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)”.
  • S.J.Res. 38: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to “Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers”.

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the “Changes in membership” section:
Number of members of Congress by age,
118th Congress

Senate

  • Senate membership
  • Final (September 9, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
    Final (September 9, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
  • Begin (January 3, 2023 – January 8, 2023)
    Begin (January 3, 2023 – January 8, 2023)
  • January 8, 2023 – January 23, 2023
    January 8, 2023 – January 23, 2023
  • January 23, 2023 – September 29, 2023
    January 23, 2023 – September 29, 2023
  • September 29, 2023 – October 3, 2023
    September 29, 2023 – October 3, 2023
  • October 3, 2023 – May 31, 2024
    October 3, 2023 – May 31, 2024
  • May 31, 2024 – August 20, 2024
    May 31, 2024 – August 20, 2024
  • August 20, 2024 – September 9, 2024
    August 20, 2024 – September 9, 2024
Overview of Senate membership by party
 Party

(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticIndependent[d]Republican
End of previous Congress[e]482501000
Begin (January 3, 2023)483491000
January 8, 2023[f]48991
January 23, 2023[f]491000
September 29, 2023[g]47991
October 3, 2023[g]481000
May 31, 2024[h][55]474
August 20, 2024[i]46991
September 9, 2024[i]471000
Last voting share51%49% 
Beginning of the next Congress45252991

House of Representatives

  • House membership
  • Final (December 31, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
    Final (December 31, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
  • Begin (January 3, 2023 – March 7, 2023)
    Begin (January 3, 2023 – March 7, 2023)
  • March 7, 2023 – May 31, 2023
    March 7, 2023 – May 31, 2023
  • May 31, 2023 – September 15, 2023
    May 31, 2023 – September 15, 2023
  • September 15, 2023 – November 13, 2023
    September 15, 2023 – November 13, 2023
  • November 13, 2023 – November 28, 2023
    November 13, 2023 – November 28, 2023
  • November 28, 2023 – December 1, 2023
    November 28, 2023 – December 1, 2023
  • December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023
    December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023
  • December 31, 2023 – January 21, 2024
    December 31, 2023 – January 21, 2024
  • January 21, 2024 – February 2, 2024
    January 21, 2024 – February 2, 2024
  • February 2, 2024 – February 28, 2024
    February 2, 2024 – February 28, 2024
  • February 28, 2024 – March 22, 2024
    February 28, 2024 – March 22, 2024
  • March 22, 2024 – April 20, 2024
    March 22, 2024 – April 20, 2024
  • April 20, 2024 – April 24, 2024
    April 20, 2024 – April 24, 2024
  • April 24, 2024 – May 6, 2024
    April 24, 2024 – May 6, 2024
  • May 6, 2024 – June 3, 2024
    May 6, 2024 – June 3, 2024
  • June 3, 2024 – June 25, 2024
    June 3, 2024 – June 25, 2024
  • June 25, 2024 – July 8, 2024
    June 25, 2024 – July 8, 2024
  • July 8, 2024 – July 19, 2024
    July 8, 2024 – July 19, 2024
  • July 19, 2024 – August 21, 2024
    July 19, 2024 – August 21, 2024
  • August 21, 2024 – September 23, 2024
    August 21, 2024 – September 23, 2024
  • September 23, 2024 – November 12, 2024
    September 23, 2024 – November 12, 2024
  • November 12, 2024 – November 13, 2024
    November 12, 2024 – November 13, 2024
  • November 13, 2024 – December 8, 2024
    November 13, 2024 – December 8, 2024
  • December 8, 2024 – December 14, 2024
    December 8, 2024 – December 14, 2024
  • December 14, 2024 – December 31, 2024
    December 14, 2024 – December 31, 2024
Overview of House membership by party
 Party

(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticRepublican
End of previous Congress2162134296
Begin (January 3, 2023)[j]2122224341
March 7, 2023[j]2134350
May 31, 2023[k]2124341
September 15, 2023[l]2214332
November 13, 2023[k]2134341
November 28, 2023[l]2224350
December 1, 2023[m]2214341
December 31, 2023[n]2204332
January 21, 2024[o]2194323
February 2, 2024[p]2124314
February 28, 2024[m]2134323
March 22, 2024[q]2184314
April 20, 2024[r]2174305
April 24, 2024[s]2124296
May 6, 2024[p]2134305
June 3, 2024[n]2184314
June 25, 2024[o]2194323
July 8, 2024[q]2204332
July 19, 2024[t]2124323
August 21, 2024[u]2114314
September 23, 2024[s]2124323
November 12, 2024[t][r]2132214341
November 13, 2024[v]2204332
December 8, 2024[w][x]2114314
December 14, 2024[y]2194305
December 31, 2024[z]2104296
Last voting share48.95%51.05%
Non-voting members32[aa]51
Beginning of the next Congress2152194341

Leadership

Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a “caucus”; Republicans refer to themselves as a “conference”.

Senate

Senate President
Kamala Harris (D)
Senate President pro tempore
Patty Murray (D)

Presiding

Majority (Democratic)

Minority (Republican)

House of Representatives

House Speaker
Kevin McCarthy
Kevin McCarthy (R),
from January 7 to October 3, 2023
Patrick McHenry
Patrick McHenry (R),
from October 3 to October 25, 2023 (as Speaker pro tempore)
Mike Johnson
Mike Johnson (R),
from October 25, 2023

Presiding

Majority (Republican)

Minority (Democratic)

Members

Senate

For year of birth, when first took office, prior background, and education, see List of current United States senators.

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 3 seats were contested in the November 2022 elections. In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiring re-election in 2028; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2026.

House of Representatives

Further information: List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

All 435 seats were filled by election in November 2022. Additionally, six non-voting members were elected from the American territories and Washington, D.C.[ad]

The numbers refer to the congressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the 2020 United States census.[ae][af]

Changes in membership

Senate changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor’s
formal installation[ag]
Nebraska
(2)		Ben Sasse
(R)		Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of the University of Florida.[52]
Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term.[70]
Appointee was later elected to finish the term ending January 3, 2027.[71]		Pete Ricketts
(R)		January 23, 2023
California
(1)		Dianne Feinstein
(D)		Incumbent died September 29, 2023.[53]
Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term.[72]		Laphonza Butler
(D)		October 3, 2023
West Virginia
(1)		Joe Manchin
(D)		Incumbent changed party May 31, 2024.[41]Joe Manchin
(I)		N/A
New Jersey
(1)		Bob Menendez
(D)		Incumbent resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[73]
Successor was appointed August 23, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress.[74]		George Helmy
(D)		September 9, 2024
New Jersey
(1)		George Helmy
(D)		Appointee resigned December 8, 2024,[68] to allow successor to take office early.[74]
Successor was appointed December 8, 2024, having already been elected to the next term.		Andy Kim
(D)		December 9, 2024
California
(1)		Laphonza Butler
(D)		Appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to allow successor to take office early.[75][76]
Successor was appointed having already been elected to finish the term ending with this Congress.[77]		Adam Schiff
(D)		December 9, 2024

House of Representatives changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor’s
formal installation[ag]
Virginia 4VacantIncumbent Donald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress.
A special election was held on February 21, 2023.[78]		Jennifer McClellan
(D)		March 7, 2023
Rhode Island 1David Cicilline
(D)		Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation.
A special election was held on November 7, 2023.[59]		Gabe Amo
(D)		November 13, 2023
Utah 2Chris Stewart
(R)		Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife’s health issues.
A special election was held on November 21, 2023.[61]		Celeste Maloy
(R)		November 28, 2023
New York 3George Santos
(R)		Incumbent expelled December 1, 2023.[79]
A special election was held on February 13, 2024.		Tom Suozzi
(D)		February 28, 2024
California 20Kevin McCarthy
(R)		Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.[80]
A special election was held on May 21, 2024.		Vince Fong
(R)		June 3, 2024
Ohio 6Bill Johnson
(R)		Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president of Youngstown State University.[81][82]
A special election was held on June 11, 2024.		Michael Rulli
(R)		June 25, 2024
New York 26Brian Higgins
(D)		Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea’s Performing Arts Center.[83]
A special election was held on April 30, 2024.[84]		Tim Kennedy
(D)		May 6, 2024
Colorado 4Ken Buck
(R)		Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024.[85]
A special election was held on June 25, 2024.		Greg Lopez
(R)		July 8, 2024
Wisconsin 8Mike Gallagher
(R)		Incumbent resigned April 20, 2024.[86]
A special election was held on November 5, 2024.[87]		Tony Wied
(R)		November 12, 2024
New Jersey 10Donald Payne Jr.
(D)		Incumbent died April 24, 2024.[88]
A special election was held on September 18, 2024.		LaMonica McIver
(D)		September 23, 2024
Texas 18Sheila Jackson Lee
(D)		Incumbent died July 19, 2024.[89]
A special election was held on November 5, 2024.		Erica Lee Carter
(D)		November 12, 2024
New Jersey 9Bill Pascrell
(D)		Incumbent died August 21, 2024.[90]Vacant until the next Congress
Florida 1Matt Gaetz
(R)		Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, after being nominated for U.S. Attorney General, but withdrew from consideration on November 21, 2024.[91]
New Jersey 3Andy Kim
(D)		Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[68] after being elected to the U.S. Senate and appointed to take office early.[92]
California 30Adam Schiff
(D)		Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[75] after being elected to the U.S. Senate in a special election.[93]
North Dakota
at-large		Kelly Armstrong
(R)		Incumbent resigned December 14, 2024, after being elected Governor of North Dakota.[94]
North Carolina 14Jeff Jackson
(D)		Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, after being elected Attorney General of North Carolina.[95]
Puerto Rico
at-large		Jenniffer González-Colón
(NPP/R)		Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, after being elected Governor of Puerto Rico.

Committees

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate committees

Standing committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member/Vice Chair
Agriculture, Nutrition and ForestryDebbie Stabenow (D-MI)John Boozman (R-AR)
AppropriationsPatty Murray (D-WA)Susan Collins (R-ME)
Armed ServicesJack Reed (D-RI)Roger Wicker (R-MS)
Banking, Housing and Urban AffairsSherrod Brown (D-OH)Tim Scott (R-SC)
BudgetSheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Commerce, Science and TransportationMaria Cantwell (D-WA)Ted Cruz (R-TX)
Energy and Natural ResourcesJoe Manchin (I-WV) (Democrat until May 31, 2024)John Barrasso (R-WY)
Environment and Public WorksTom Carper (D-DE)Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)
FinanceRon Wyden (D-OR)Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Foreign RelationsBob Menendez (D-NJ) until September 22, 2023
Ben Cardin (D-MD) from September 25, 2023		Jim Risch (R-ID)
Health, Education, Labor and PensionsBernie Sanders (I-VT)Bill Cassidy (R-LA)
Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsGary Peters (D-MI)Rand Paul (R-KY)
JudiciaryDick Durbin (D-IL)Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
Rules and AdministrationAmy Klobuchar (D-MN)Deb Fischer (R-NE)
Small Business and EntrepreneurshipBen Cardin (D-MD) until September 25, 2023
Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) from September 27, 2023		Joni Ernst (R-IA)
Veterans’ AffairsJon Tester (D-MT)Jerry Moran (R-KS)

Select, permanent select and special committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member/Vice Chair
Aging (Special)Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA)Mike Braun (R-IN)
Ethics (Select)Chris Coons (D-DE)James Lankford (R-OK)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)Brian Schatz (D-HI)Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Intelligence (Select)Mark Warner (D-VA)Marco Rubio (R-FL)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

House of Representatives committees

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member
AgricultureGlenn Thompson (R-PA)David Scott (D-GA)
AppropriationsKay Granger (R-TX) until April 10, 2024
Tom Cole (R-OK) from April 10, 2024		Rosa DeLauro (D-CT)
Armed ServicesMike Rogers (R-AL)Adam Smith (D-WA)
BudgetJodey Arrington (R-TX)Brendan Boyle (D-PA)
Education and the WorkforceVirginia Foxx (R-NC)Bobby Scott (D-VA)
Energy and CommerceCathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA)Frank Pallone (D-NJ)
EthicsMichael Guest (R-MS)Susan Wild (D-PA)
Financial ServicesPatrick McHenry (R-NC)Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Foreign AffairsMichael McCaul (R-TX)Gregory Meeks (D-NY)
Homeland SecurityMark Green (R-TN)Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House AdministrationBryan Steil (R-WI)Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Intelligence (Permanent Select)Mike Turner (R-OH)Jim Himes (D-CT)
JudiciaryJim Jordan (R-OH)Jerry Nadler (D-NY)
Natural ResourcesBruce Westerman (R-AR)Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ)
Oversight and ReformJames Comer (R-KY)Jamie Raskin (D-MD)
RulesTom Cole (R-OK) until April 10, 2024
Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) from April 10, 2024		Jim McGovern (D-MA)
Science, Space and TechnologyFrank Lucas (R- OK)Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
Small BusinessRoger Williams (R-TX)Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and InfrastructureSam Graves (R-MO)Rick Larsen (D-WA)
Veterans’ AffairsMike Bost (R-IL)Mark Takano (D-CA)
Ways and MeansJason Smith (R-MO)Richard Neal (D-MA)

Joint committees

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
CommitteeChairVice ChairRanking MemberVice Ranking Member
EconomicSen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM)Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ)Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA)Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)
Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA)Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
LibrarySen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
PrintingRep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Taxation[ah]Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO)Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR)Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID)Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA)

Officers and officials

Congressional officers

Senate officers

House of Representatives officers

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Removed by a vote of the House.
  2. ^ On May 31, 2024, Joe Manchin, a senator from West Virginia, left the Democratic Party and became an Independent, but he has caucused with the Senate Democratic Caucus like the three other Independent members of the Senate. Thus, the number of Independent senators increased to four, and the number of Democratic Party members decreased to forty-seven.
  3. ^ McConnell has served as Senate Republican Leader since January 3, 2007, and Durbin has served as Senate Democratic Whip since January 3, 2005.
  4. ^ All four self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
  5. ^ a b In Arizona: Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party to become an independent politician on December 9, 2022. Effective January 3, 2023, Sinema did not participate in either political party caucus but kept her seniority and continued to receive committee assignments through the Democrats.[50][51]
  6. ^ a b c d In Nebraska: Ben Sasse (R) resigned on January 8, 2023, to become President of the University of Florida.[52] Pete Ricketts (R) was appointed to fill the vacancy on January 12, 2023, and took office on January 23.
  7. ^ a b c d In California: Dianne Feinstein (D) died on September 29, 2023.[53] Laphonza Butler (D) was appointed to fill the vacancy on October 1, 2023, and took office on October 3.[54]
  8. ^ a b In West Virginia: Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an independent politician on May 31, 2024. He continued to caucus with the Democrats.[41]
  9. ^ a b c d Bob Menendez resigned on August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[56] George Helmy was appointed to fill the vacancy on August 23, 2023, and took office on September 9.
  10. ^ a b c In Virginia’s 4th district: Donald McEachin (D) died during the previous Congress, and Jennifer McClellan (D) was elected February 21, 2023. She was sworn in on March 7.[57][58]
  11. ^ a b c d In Rhode Island’s 1st district: David Cicilline (D) resigned on May 31, 2023, and Gabe Amo (D) was elected November 7, 2023. He was sworn in on November 13, 2023.[59]
  12. ^ a b c d In Utah’s 2nd district: Chris Stewart (R) resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife’s health issues,[60][61] and Celeste Maloy (R) was elected November 21, 2023. She was sworn in on November 28, 2023.[62]
  13. ^ a b c d In New York’s 3rd district: George Santos (R) was expelled on December 1, 2023. Tom Suozzi (D) was elected February 13, 2024. He was sworn in on February 28, 2024.[63]
  14. ^ a b c d In California’s 20th district: Kevin McCarthy (R) resigned on December 31, 2023. Vince Fong (R) was elected May 21, 2024. He was sworn in on June 3, 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d In Ohio’s 6th district: Bill Johnson (R) resigned on January 21, 2024. Michael Rulli (R) was elected June 11, 2024. He was sworn in on June 25, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d In New York’s 26th district: Brian Higgins (D) resigned on February 2, 2024. Tim Kennedy (D) was elected April 30, 2024. He was sworn in on May 6, 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d In Colorado’s 4th district: Ken Buck (R) resigned on March 22, 2024. Greg Lopez (R) was elected June 25, 2024. He was sworn in on July 8, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d In Wisconsin’s 8th district: Mike Gallagher (R) resigned on April 20, 2024. Tony Wied (R) was elected November 5, 2024. He was sworn in on November 12, 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d In New Jersey’s 10th district: Donald Payne Jr. (D) died on April 24, 2024. LaMonica McIver (D) was elected September 18, 2024. She was sworn in on September 23, 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d In Texas’s 18th district: Sheila Jackson Lee (D) died on July 19, 2024. Erica Lee Carter (D) was elected November 5, 2024. She was sworn in on November 12, 2024.
  21. ^ a b In New Jersey’s 9th district: Bill Pascrell (D) died on August 21, 2024.
  22. ^ a b In Florida’s 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024.
  23. ^ a b In California’s 30th district: Adam Schiff (D) resigned December 8, 2024.
  24. ^ a b In New Jersey’s 3rd district: Andy Kim (D) resigned December 8, 2024.
  25. ^ a b In North Dakota’s at-large district: Kelly Armstrong (R) resigned December 14, 2024.
  26. ^ a b In North Carolina’s 14th district: Jeff Jackson (D) resigned December 31, 2024.
  27. ^ Includes a New Progressive Party member who is also affiliated as a Republican.
  28. ^ Since 1920, the Senate Democratic leader has also concurrently served as the Democratic Caucus chairperson; this is an unwritten tradition.
  29. ^ a b c d e f The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
  30. ^ a b Puerto Rico’s non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. Jenniffer González was last elected in 2020.
  31. ^ The new districts created were: Colorado’s 8th; Florida’s 28th; North Carolina’s 14th; Oregon’s 6th; Texas’s 37th; Texas’s 38th. The districts re-created were: Montana’s 1st; Montana’s 2nd.
  32. ^ The eliminated districts were: California’s 53rd; Illinois’s 18th; Michigan’s 14th; Montana’s at-large; New York’s 27th; Ohio’s 16th; Pennsylvania’s 18th; West Virginia’s 3rd.
  33. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  34. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

References

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  10. ^ “Social Security bill bottled up after election night maneuver”. Roll Call. November 5, 2024.
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress

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