Peter Francis Welch (born May 2, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician serving since 2023 as the junior United States senator from Vermont. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for Vermont’s at-large congressional district from 2007 to 2023. He has been a major figure in Vermont politics for over four decades and is only the second Democrat to be elected a senator from the state.

Born in Springfield, Massachusetts, Welch graduated from the College of the Holy Cross and the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law. He was a member of the Vermont Senate from 1981 to 1989, including terms as minority leader, then was the Senate’s president pro tempore from 1985 to 1989, the first Democrat to hold the position. In 1988, Welch gave up his seat to run for the United States House of Representatives and lost the Democratic primary to Paul N. Poirier. He was the Democratic nominee for governor of Vermont in 1990, losing the general election to Republican Richard A. Snelling.

Welch continued to practice law and returned to politics in 2001, when he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Vermont Senate. He was re-elected in 2002 and 2004 and was Senate president from 2003 to 2007. In 2006, Welch was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, succeeding Bernie Sanders, who was elected to the United States Senate. In November 2021, Welch announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the 2022 United States Senate election in Vermont to succeed retiring Senator Patrick Leahy.^[1][2] On August 9, 2022, he won the Democratic primary. On November 8, 2022, Welch won the general election, defeating Republican nominee Gerald Malloy.^[3][4][5] Elected at age 75, he is the oldest person to become a freshman senator, a record previously held by Frederick H. Gillett.

Welch was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1947. He attended Cathedral High School (now Pope Francis Preparatory School). In 1969, he graduated from the College of the Holy Cross with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), magna cum laude, in history.^[6] Welch spent a year in Chicago as a fellow at the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, then enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, earning his Juris Doctor (J.D.) in 1973.^[7][8]

Welch “worked with low-income people on Chicago’s West Side in the late 1960s”^[9] as a community organizer. He worked for an organization that was affiliated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and its activities included attendance at an SCLC national convention in Atlanta. Participants there strategized and heard remarks from Ralph Abernathy, Hosea Williams, and Martin Luther King Jr.^[10]

Welch worked for Lloyd Cutler, who later was White House Counsel during the administrations of presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton, at a Washington law firm.^[9]

After graduating from law school, Welch moved to Vermont in 1973. He was a law clerk for Judge Henry Black of the Vermont Superior Court.^[9] He worked for several years as a public defender for low-income clients in Windsor County and Orange County.^[9] Welch was a partner for 30 years in the personal injury law firm Welch, Graham & Manby in White River Junction, Vermont.^[7]

In 1980, Welch was elected to the Vermont Senate from Windsor County. In his second term, Welch was chosen as the Minority Leader, and he became president pro tempore after Democrats gained control of the Senate.^[7] Welch was the first Democrat to be Vermont’s senate president, since Vermont was a bastion for the Whigs and then the Republicans for more than 100 years beginning in the 1830s.^[11]

In 1988, Welch left the Vermont Senate to make an unsuccessful run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives.

In 1990, Welch won the Democratic nomination for governor of Vermont but lost the general election to Republican Richard Snelling.^[7]

Welch did not run for another office for more than a decade; in 2001, Governor Howard Dean appointed him to fill a vacant Vermont Senate seat in Windsor County. He was elected to the seat in 2002 and reelected in 2004, and again was president pro tempore.^[7]

When Vermont’s U.S. Representative, Bernie Sanders, ran for the U.S. Senate in 2006, Welch chose to run for Sanders’s seat. He defeated Republican Martha Rainville in the general election, 53% to 45%, in a race where both candidates pledged to be entirely positive.^[12] Welch was the first Democrat to represent Vermont in the House since 1961, and only the second since 1853 (though Sanders, an independent, caucused with the Democrats^[13]).

Welch was re-elected in 2008 with no major-party opposition, becoming the first Democrat to be reelected to the House from Vermont since 1848. He was in the unusual position of being both the Democratic and Republican nominee for the seat, due to Republican voters writing his name in on the blank primary ballot.^[14]

Welch was reelected with 64% of the vote against Republican nominee Paul Beaudry, Liberty Union nominee Jane Newton, Working Families nominee Sheila Coniff, and independent candidate Gus Jaccaci.^{[citation needed]}

Welch defeated Republican nominee Mark Donka, Liberty Union candidate Jane Newton, and Independent candidates James “Sam” Desrochers and Andre LaFramboise with 72% of the vote.^{[citation needed]}

Welch was reelected to a fifth term with 64.4% of the vote, defeating Republican Mark Donka, Matthew Andrews of the Liberty Union Party and Independents Cris Ericson, Randall Meyer and Jerry Trudell.^{[citation needed]}

Welch ran unopposed in the Democratic primary, and also got more votes in the Republican primary than any other candidate, with 4.51% via write-ins. He defeated Liberty Union candidate Erica Clawson in the general election with 90% of the vote to Clawson’s 10%.^[15]

Welch was reelected to a seventh term with 69.2% of the vote, defeating Republican nominee Anya Tyino, Cris Ericson of the Marijuana Party, and Laura Potter of the Liberty Union Party.^[16]

Welch was reelected to an eighth term with 67.3% of the vote, defeating Republican nominee Miriam Berry and Independent candidate Peter Becker.^[17]

One area where Welch was at odds with vocal constituents was the matter of the impeachment of President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Welch said that ending the Iraq War was a top priority, and impeachment would distract Congress from addressing that outcome. Advocates of impeachment protested at Welch’s Vermont offices.^[18]

Welch worked with former House Majority Leader Eric Cantor on a bill to increase funding at the National Institutes of Health for pediatric research and with Representative Paul Ryan to reverse proposed regulations that would have banned the use of wooden shelves for ageing cheese wheels. He touts his bipartisanship and describes himself as “very independent”. He bucked his party leadership by voting against arming and training Syrian rebels and opposes “boots on the ground” in dealing with ISIL. He believes climate change is a “glaring problem”, opposed travel bans in response to the Ebola epidemic and supports immigration reform that addresses border concerns but does not close them.^[19]

In his first term, Welch attracted attention for his partnership with Senator Charles Grassley in challenging colleges and universities with substantial endowments to spend more of those funds on operating expenses (including, perhaps, lower tuition).^[20]

On February 19, 2016, Welch endorsed Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination for president.^[21] He endorsed him again in 2020.^[22]

During the first impeachment of Donald Trump, Welch invited Trump to testify before the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence in response to Jim Jordan‘s criticism of the impeachment. Welch spoke directly after Jordan, saying, “I say to my colleague, I’d be glad to have the person who started it all come in and testify”, adding, “President Trump is welcome to take a seat right there.”^[23] On December 18, 2019, Welch voted for both articles of impeachment against Trump.^[24]

In the 110th Congress, Welch was a member of the Committee on Rules and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

In the 111th Congress, Welch was on the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

In the 112th Congress, Welch was a member of the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Beginning with the 112th Congress, he also was a Chief Deputy Whip, one of several who are part of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer‘s organization for managing legislation and votes on the House floor.

During the 113th, 114th, 115th, 116th, and 117th Congresses, Welch was a member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

• Committee on Energy and Commerce
  • Subcommittee on Energy and Power
  • Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection
  • Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
• Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
  • Subcommittee on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence and Counterproliferation
  • Subcommittee on Defense Intelligence and Warfighter Support
• Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
  • Subcommittee on National Security^[25]

• Climate Solutions Caucus^[26]
• Congressional Arts Caucus^[27]
• Congressional Biomass Caucus (co-chair)
• Congressional Dairy Farmers Caucus (co-chair and founder)^[28]
• Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus^[29]
• Congressional Progressive Caucus^[30][31]
• Medicare for All Caucus
• Safe Climate Caucus^[32]

On November 15, 2021, incumbent Patrick Leahy announced that he would not seek reelection in the 2022 U.S. Senate election. Welch was considered a possible contender for the seat.^[33] On November 22, Welch announced his candidacy to succeed Leahy.^[34] He won the Democratic primary by a large margin, and defeated Republican nominee Gerald Malloy in the general election.^[35][36]

• Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
  • Subcommittee on Rural Development and Energy (chair)
• Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
• Committee on the Judiciary
• Committee on Rules and Administration
• Joint Economic Committee^[37]

Welch participated in the 2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in to support gun control.^[38]

Welch supports a national assault weapons ban.^[39]

Welch supports transgender rights and gender-affirming care for transgender youth.^[40]

On November 26, 2023, Welch called for an indefinite ceasefire in the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. He was the third U.S. senator, the second member of Vermont’s congressional delegation, and the first senator from Vermont to do so.^[41]

In January 2024, Welch voted for a resolution, proposed by Bernie Sanders, to apply the human rights provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act to U.S. aid to Israel’s military. The proposal was defeated, 72 to 11.^[42]

On July 10, 2024, Welch called on Joe Biden to withdraw from the 2024 United States presidential election for the “good of the country”.^[43]

Since 2009, Welch has been married to Margaret Cheney, a former member of the Vermont House of Representatives who was appointed to the Vermont Public Service Board in 2013.^[44] He was married to Joan Smith from 1986 until she died of cancer in 2004.^[45] Welch has five stepchildren from his first marriage and three from his second.^[46]

• Senator Peter Welch official U.S. Senate website
• Peter Welch for Vermont campaign website
• Appearances on C-SPAN

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
• Profile at Vote Smart