Summary
There are 34 senate races on the ballot in 2024. Currently 23 seats are held by Democrats and 11 by Republicans.
This post has summaries of the most competitive senate races according to most polls as shown in the map.
Go here or select the menu in the header to view all the senate races in a slide show format.
Member Note: If you have a suggestions or questions for our US onAir Curators, select the discussion/comment icon in the post. If you would like to comment on a specific race, go to that race post’s discussion section.
OnAir Post: 2024 US Senate Races
News
Sen. Sherrod Brown doesn’t plan to campaign with Vice President Kamala Harris.
He plans to skip the Democratic National Convention. And the Democratic senator isn’t going to defend Harris’ record — or offer praise to President Joe Biden or to Harris over their handling of the U.S.-Mexico border.
Instead, Brown — now embroiled in a high-stakes reelection battle central to the fight for the next Senate majority — is making this calculation: finding a way to disqualify his opponent, Bernie Moreno, in the eyes of GOP-leaning voters and independents. And it starts with attacking Moreno’s character, past business practices and position on abortion — all as he tries to avoid being tied to the top of his ticket.
“It’s not left or right. It’s not who you vote for, for president,” Brown told CNN at a textile company just outside of Cleveland. “It’s who stands up for people in the state.”
PBS NewsHour, – July 28, 2024 (07:33)
Just 100 days out from Election Day, the U.S. political landscape is drastically different than it was a little more than a week ago. The effects of the shakeup on the Democratic presidential ticket are being felt in the battle for the House and Senate and the fight over big issues on the ballot in many states. Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter joins John Yang to discuss.
Democrats faced a challenging path to holding their Senate majority even before President Joe Biden’s disastrous debate performance and the assassination attempt against former President Donald Trump – and they still do. But this year’s Democratic candidates, many of them well-known incumbents, have so far been able to create some separation from the top of the ticket. The question going forward, regardless of what Biden does, is whether they can sustain it.
Nine of the top 10 seats on CNN’s latest ranking of the Senate seats most likely to flip are held by Democrats (or independents who caucus with them). And assuming Republicans flip West Virginia, where Sen. Joe Manchin is retiring, the GOP just needs to win the White House or pick up one more Senate seat to win the majority.
That’s a tough landscape for Democrats – especially when they’re defending seats in states that either twice voted comfortably for Trump (Montana and Ohio) or are presidential battlegrounds, and when Biden is so far defying intraparty warnings that his candidacy could cause a GOP “landslide.” Montana Sen. Jon Tester and Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown – the two most vulnerable incumbents running for reelection – said this week that Biden should exit the race.
The stakes for Democrats in their extraordinary public schism over whether President Joe Biden should withdraw from the 2024 presidential race extend far beyond the White House. A decisive loss at the top of the ticket could cost Democrats control of the US Senate for the remainder of this decade and cement Republican dominance of the Supreme Court for a generation.
So far, Democratic anxiety about the presidential race’s impact on the Senate has been muted because public polling has almost invariably shown their candidates still leading in the key states where Biden has fallen behind former President Donald Trump. But recent history raises deep questions about whether Democratic Senate candidates can continue to levitate as far above the presidential ticket as polls now show.
About
Overview
The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections. Senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators will face election in 2024.
As of July 2024, 26 senators (15 Democrats, nine Republicans, and two independents) are seeking reelection in 2024. Two Republicans (Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah), three Democrats (Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, and Debbie Stabenow of Michigan), and two independents (Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) are not seeking reelection. Laphonza Butler of California, a Democrat who was appointed to her current seat in 2023, is not seeking election in 2024.
Two special Senate elections will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections: one in California, to fill the final two months of Senator Dianne Feinstein’s term following her death in September of 2023, and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse’s term following his resignation in January of 2023.
Elections analysts consider the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats will be defending 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats. Three seats being defended by Democrats are in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020, while there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous two Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Susan Collins in 2020) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.
Source: Wikipedia
Web Links
Competitive Races
We have summarized in this post the 10 US House races that the Cook Political Report as of May 17, 2024 identified as competitive – Toss-ups, Lean D, Likely D, and Likely R.
Pennsylvania Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Bob Casey.
The two leading candidates are Bob Casey – Democrat and David McCormick – Republican.
The race is considered to be competitive given the state’s nearly even partisan lean; however, most polls show Casey to be the slight favorite to win.
The Pennsylvania Libertarian Party officially nominated John Thomas at the party’s state convention on March 2, 2024.
OnAir Post: 2024 PA Senate Race
Ohio Senate Race
The two leading candidates are Sherrod Brown – Democrat and Bernie Moreno – Republican.
Sherrod Brown is seeking a fourth term in office, while the Republican Party. This race is one of two 2024 U.S. Senate races in which Democratic senators are seeking re-election in states where Republican Donald Trump won both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Brown’s re-election is considered essential for Democrats’ chances to retain the Senate majority in 2024. The last time Republicans won this seat was in 2000.
OnAir Post: 2024 OH Senate Race
Montana Senate Race
The 2024 United States House District 7 election in Montana will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Jon Tester.
The two leading candidates are Jon Tester – Democrat and Tim Sheehy– Republican.
Jon Tester is seeking a fourth term in office. This race is one of three Democratic-held U.S. Senate seats up for election in 2024 in states Donald Trump won in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, alongside Ohio and West Virginia. Tester’s re-election is considered essential for Democrats’ chances to retain the Senate majority in 2024.[1] Primary elections took place on June 4, 2024. The last time Republicans won this seat was in 2000.
OnAir Post: 2024 MT Senate Race
Nevada Senate Race
The 2024 United States House District 7 election in Nevada will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Jacky Rosen .
The two leading candidates are Jacky Rosen – Democrat and Sam Brown– Republican.
Senator Jacky Rosen, elected in 2018 over incumbent Republican Dean Heller, is seeking a second term in office. Primary elections took place on June 11, 2024.
OnAir Post: 2024 NV Senate Race
Wisconsin Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Tammy Baldwin .
The two leading candidates are Tammy Baldwin – Democrat and Eric Hovde – Republican.
Incumbent two-term Democratic senator Tammy Baldwin was re-elected with 55.4% of the vote in 2018. She announced she would be running for re-election on April 12, 2023.
OnAir Post: 2024 WI Senate Race
Texas Senate Race
The 2024 United States House District 7 election in Texas will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Ted Cruz.
The two leading candidates are Ted Cruz – Republican and Colin Allred – Democrat.
U.S. Representative Colin Allred won the Democratic nomination to challenge Cruz. If he wins, he will become the first Democrat to win a U.S. Senate race in Texas since 1988 and the first Democrat to win any statewide election in Texas since 1994.
OnAir Post: 2024 TX Senate Race
Florida Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Florida will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Rick Scott.
The two leading candidates are Debbie Mucarsel-Powell– Democrat and Rick Scott – Republican.
Senator Rick Scott was elected with 50.05% of the vote in 2018. He is running for re-election to a second term in office.
Primary elections will take place on August 20, 2024.
OnAir Post: 2024 FL Senate Race
Maryland Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Ben Cardin.
The two leading candidates are Angela Alsobrooks – Democrat and Larry Hogan – Republican.
Incumbent three-term Democratic Senator Ben Cardin was re-elected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, he announced that he would not be seeking re-election to a fourth term in office.
OnAir Post: 2024 MD Senate Race
Arizona Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Kyrsten Sinema.
The two leading candidates are Ruben Gallego – Democrat and Kari Lake – Republican.
Incumbent first-term independent Senator Kyrsten Sinema was first elected as a Democrat in 2018 with roughly 50% of the vote, succeeding retiring Republican Senator Jeff Flake. Sinema left the Democratic Party in December 2022 and filed paperwork to run for reelection as an independent in April 2023.[2] However, in March 2024, Sinema announced that she would not run for a second term, U.S. Representative Ruben Gallego is seeking the Democratic nomination, while Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 Republican gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake ran for the Republican nomination.
OnAir Post: 2024 AZ Senate Race
Michigan Senate Race
The 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan will be held on November 5, 2024. The seat is currently held by Debbie Stabenow .
The two leading candidates are Elissa Slotkin – Democrat and Mike Rogers – Republican.
Incumbent Democratic Senator Debbie Stabenow was first elected in 2000, defeating incumbent Republican Spencer Abraham. Stabenow was most recently re-elected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote, and announced on January 5, 2023 that she would not seek a fifth term in office. This will be the first open race for this seat since 1994, which was the only time since 1972 that Republicans won a Michigan U.S. Senate race.
OnAir Post: 2024 MI Senate Race
More Information
Wikipedia
Contents
(Top)
1
Partisan composition
2
Change in composition
3
Predictions
4
Retirements
5
Race summary
6
Arizona
7
California
8
Connecticut
9
Delaware
10
Florida
11
Hawaii
12
Indiana
13
Maine
14
Maryland
15
Massachusetts
16
Michigan
17
Minnesota
18
Mississippi
19
Missouri
20
Montana
21
Nebraska
22
Nevada
23
New Jersey
24
New Mexico
25
New York
26
North Dakota
27
Ohio
28
Pennsylvania
29
Rhode Island
30
Tennessee
31
Texas
32
Utah
33
Vermont
34
Virginia
35
Washington
36
West Virginia
37
Wisconsin
38
Wyoming
39
See also
40
Notes
41
References
The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. Thirty-three of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections.[3][4] Senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years.[5] Class 1 senators will face election in 2024.[6]
As of September 2024, 26 senators (15 Democrats, nine Republicans, and two independents) are seeking reelection in 2024.[7] Two Republicans (Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah), three Democrats (Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, Debbie Stabenow of Michigan), and two independents (Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) are not seeking reelection.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Laphonza Butler of California and George Helmy of New Jersey, Democrats who were appointed to their current seats in 2023 and 2024 respectively, are not seeking election in 2024.[15][16]
Two special Senate elections will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections: one in California, to fill the final two months of Senator Dianne Feinstein‘s term following her death in September 2023, and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse's term following his resignation in January 2023.[17][13][18]
Election analysts consider the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats will be defending 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats.[19] Three seats being defended by Democrats are in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020, while there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous two Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Susan Collins in 2020) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[20]
Partisan composition
All 33 Class 1 Senate seats, and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 4 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats (before the end of the 117th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024.[21] In May 2024, Joe Manchin also announced he had left the Democratic party and registered as an independent, citing “broken politics” as the deciding factor in his decision.[22]), and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.[citation needed]
Change in composition
Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. “D#” is a Democratic/active senator, “I#” is an Independent senator, and “R#” is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.
Before the elections
Each block indicates an incumbent senator’s actions going into the election.
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 Calif. Retiring | D30 Conn. Running |
D40 N.M. Running | D39 N.J. Retiring | D38 Nev. Running | D37 Mont. Running | D36 Minn. Running | D35 Mich. Retiring | D34 Mass. Running | D33 Md. Retiring | D32 Hawaii Running | D31 Del. Retiring |
D41 N.Y. Running | D42 Ohio Running | D43 Pa. Running | D44 R.I. Running | D45 Va. Running | D46 Wash. Running | D47 Wis. Running | I1 Ariz. Retiring | I2 Maine Running | I3 Vt. Running |
Majority (with Independents) ↑ | |||||||||
R41 Miss. Running | R42 Mo. Running | R43 Neb. (reg) Running | R44 Neb. (sp) Running | R45 N.D. Running | R46 Tenn. Running | R47 Texas Running | R48 Utah Retiring | R49 Wyo. Running | I4 W.Va. Retiring |
R40 Ind. Retiring | R39 Fla. Running | R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 |
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 |
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
After the elections
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | Ariz. TBD | Calif. TBD |
Minn. TBD | Mich. TBD | Mass. TBD | Md. TBD | Maine TBD | Ind. TBD | Hawaii TBD | Fla. TBD | Del. TBD | Conn. TBD |
Mont. TBD | Miss. TBD | Mo. TBD | N.D. TBD | Neb. (reg) TBD | Neb. (sp) TBD | Nev. TBD | N.J. TBD | N.M. TBD | N.Y. TBD |
Majority TBD → | |||||||||
W.Va. TBD | Wash. TBD | Va. TBD | Vt. TBD | Utah TBD | Texas TBD | Tenn. TBD | R.I. TBD | Pa. TBD | Ohio TBD |
Wis. TBD | Wyo. TBD | R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 |
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 |
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
Key |
|
---|
Predictions
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pie_Chart_Predictions_2024_US_Senate.png/220px-Pie_Chart_Predictions_2024_US_Senate.png)
- Democratic Party
- Republican Party
- Tossup
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Predictions_2024_US_Senate_Map.png/299px-Predictions_2024_US_Senate_Map.png)
- Democratic Party Safe
- Democratic Party Likely
- Democratic Party Lean
- Democratic Party Tilt
- Independent Safe
- Tossup
- Republican Party Safe
- Republican Party Likely
- Republican Party Lean
Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state’s partisan lean (reflected in part by the state’s Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:
- “tossup“: no advantage
- “tilt” (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as “lean”
- “lean” or “leans“: slight advantage
- “likely“: significant, but surmountable, advantage
- “safe” or “solid“: near-certain chance of victory
Constituency | Incumbent | Ratings | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | PVI[23] | Senator | Last election[d] | Cook August 15, 2024[24] | IE May 9, 2024[25] | Sabato September 6, 2024[26] | RCP September 6, 2024[27] | CNalysis August 9, 2024[28] | DDHQ/The Hill August 29, 2024[29] | Fox August 12, 2024[30] | Race to the WH September 3, 2024[31] | |||
Arizona | R+2 | Kyrsten Sinema (retiring) | 50.0% D[e] | Lean D (flip) | Tilt D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Tossup | Lean D (flip) | Likely D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Likely D (flip) | |||
California[f] | D+13 | Laphonza Butler (retiring) | Appointed (2023)[g] | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Connecticut | D+7 | Chris Murphy | 59.5% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Delaware | D+7 | Tom Carper (retiring) | 60.0% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Florida | R+3 | Rick Scott | 50.1% R | Likely R | Solid R | Likely R | Tossup | Very Likely R | Lean R | Likely R | Tilt R | |||
Hawaii | D+14 | Mazie Hirono | 71.2% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Indiana | R+11 | Mike Braun (retiring) | 50.7% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Maine | D+2 | Angus King | 54.3% I | Solid I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Solid I | Likely I | Solid I | Safe D [h] | |||
Maryland | D+14 | Ben Cardin (retiring) | 64.9% D | Likely D | Likely D | Likely D | Tossup | Solid D | Safe D | Lean D | Likely D | |||
Massachusetts | D+15 | Elizabeth Warren | 60.3% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Michigan | R+1 | Debbie Stabenow (retiring) | 52.3% D | Tossup | Tilt D | Lean D | Tossup | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | |||
Minnesota | D+1 | Amy Klobuchar | 60.3% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Mississippi | R+11 | Roger Wicker | 58.5% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Missouri | R+10 | Josh Hawley | 51.4% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Likely R | Solid R | Likely R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Montana | R+11 | Jon Tester | 50.3% D | Tossup | Tossup | Lean R (flip) | Tossup | Tilt R (flip) | Lean R (flip) | Tossup | Tossup | |||
Nebraska (regular) | R+13 | Deb Fischer | 57.7% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Likely R | |||
Nebraska (special) | R+13 | Pete Ricketts | Appointed (2023)[i] | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Nevada | R+1 | Jacky Rosen | 50.4% D | Lean D | Tilt D | Lean D | Lean D | Tilt D | Likely D | Tossup | Likely D | |||
New Jersey | D+6 | George Helmy (retiring) | Appointed (2024)[j] | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Likely D | Solid D | Likely D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
New Mexico | D+3 | Martin Heinrich | 54.1% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Lean D | Solid D | Likely D | Likely D | Likely D | |||
New York | D+10 | Kirsten Gillibrand | 67.0% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
North Dakota | R+20 | Kevin Cramer | 55.1% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Ohio | R+6 | Sherrod Brown | 53.4% D | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tilt D | |||
Pennsylvania | R+2 | Bob Casey Jr. | 55.7% D | Lean D | Tilt D | Lean D | Tossup | Likely D | Lean D | Lean D | Likely D | |||
Rhode Island | D+8 | Sheldon Whitehouse | 61.4% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Tennessee | R+14 | Marsha Blackburn | 54.7% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Texas | R+5 | Ted Cruz | 50.9% R | Likely R | Likely R | Likely R | Lean R | Lean R | Lean R | Likely R | Tilt R | |||
Utah | R+13 | Mitt Romney (retiring) | 62.6% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Vermont | D+16 | Bernie Sanders | 67.4% I | Solid I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Safe D [h] | |||
Virginia | D+3 | Tim Kaine | 57.0% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Likely D | Solid D | Likely D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
Washington | D+8 | Maria Cantwell | 58.3% D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Solid D | Safe D | Solid D | Safe D | |||
West Virginia | R+22 | Joe Manchin (retiring) | 49.6% D[k] | Solid R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | |||
Wisconsin | R+2 | Tammy Baldwin | 55.4% D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D | |||
Wyoming | R+25 | John Barrasso | 67.0% R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Solid R | Safe R | Solid R | Safe R | |||
Overall[l] | D/I – 47 R – 50 3 tossups | D/I – 48 R – 50 2 tossups | D/I – 48 R – 51 1 tossup | D/I – 44 R – 49 7 tossups | D/I – 48 R – 51 1 tossup | D/I – 48 R – 51 1 tossup | D/I – 47 R – 50 3 tossups | D/I – 49 R – 50 1 tossup |
Retirements
As of September 2024, nine senators have announced plans to retire.
Race summary
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In each special election, the winner’s term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state’s government.
Elections are sorted by date then state.
State (linked to summaries below) | Incumbent | Status | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
California (Class 1) | Laphonza Butler | Democratic | 2023 (appointed) | Interim appointee retiring[15] |
|
Nebraska (Class 2) | Pete Ricketts | Republican | 2023 (appointed) | Interim appointee nominated |
|
Elections leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.
State (linked to summaries below) | Incumbent | Candidates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | Last race | Result | ||
Arizona | Kyrsten Sinema | Independent | 2018[e] | 50.0% D | Incumbent retiring[14] |
|
California | Laphonza Butler | Democratic | 2023 (appointed) | 54.2% D[g] | Interim appointee retiring[15] |
|
Connecticut | Chris Murphy | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 59.5% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Delaware | Tom Carper | Democratic | 2000 2006 2012 2018 | 60.0% D | Incumbent retiring[10] |
|
Florida | Rick Scott | Republican | 2018 | 50.1% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Hawaii | Mazie Hirono | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 71.2% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Indiana | Mike Braun | Republican | 2018 | 50.7% R | Incumbent retiring to run for governor[8] | |
Maine | Angus King | Independent | 2012 2018 | 54.3% I | Incumbent renominated |
|
Maryland | Ben Cardin | Democratic | 2006 2012 2018 | 64.9% D | Incumbent retiring[9] |
|
Massachusetts | Elizabeth Warren | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 60.3% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Michigan | Debbie Stabenow | Democratic | 2000 2006 2012 2018 | 52.3% D | Incumbent retiring[13] |
|
Minnesota | Amy Klobuchar | DFL | 2006 2012 2018 | 60.3% DFL | Incumbent renominated |
|
Mississippi | Roger Wicker | Republican | 2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018 | 58.5% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Missouri | Josh Hawley | Republican | 2018 | 51.4% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Montana | Jon Tester | Democratic | 2006 2012 2018 | 50.3% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Nebraska | Deb Fischer | Republican | 2012 2018 | 57.7% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Nevada | Jacky Rosen | Democratic | 2018 | 50.4% D | Incumbent renominated | |
New Jersey | George Helmy | Democratic | 2024 (appointed) | 54.0% D[j] | Interim appointee retiring[16] | |
New Mexico | Martin Heinrich | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 54.1% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
New York | Kirsten Gillibrand | Democratic | 2009 (appointed) 2010 (special) 2012 2018 | 67.0% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
North Dakota | Kevin Cramer | Republican | 2018 | 55.1% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Ohio | Sherrod Brown | Democratic | 2006 2012 2018 | 53.4% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Pennsylvania | Bob Casey Jr. | Democratic | 2006 2012 2018 | 55.7% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Rhode Island | Sheldon Whitehouse | Democratic | 2006 2012 2018 | 61.4% D | Incumbent running |
|
Tennessee | Marsha Blackburn | Republican | 2018 | 54.7% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Texas | Ted Cruz | Republican | 2012 2018 | 50.9% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Utah | Mitt Romney | Republican | 2018 | 62.6% R | Incumbent retiring[11] |
|
Vermont | Bernie Sanders | Independent | 2006 2012 2018 | 67.4% I | Incumbent renominated |
|
Virginia | Tim Kaine | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 57.0% D | Incumbent renominated | |
Washington | Maria Cantwell | Democratic | 2000 2006 2012 2018 | 58.3% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
West Virginia | Joe Manchin | Independent | 2010 (special)[m] 2012 2018 | 49.6% D | Incumbent retiring[12] |
|
Wisconsin | Tammy Baldwin | Democratic | 2012 2018 | 55.4% D | Incumbent renominated |
|
Wyoming | John Barrasso | Republican | 2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018 | 67.0% R | Incumbent renominated |
|
Arizona
One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.[75] Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection.[76]
Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden‘s agenda,[77] and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination, which he won with no opposition.[78][79]
Among Republicans, Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake have announced their candidacies.[80][81] Lake won the Republican primary by less than expected.
California
Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term.[82] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY’s List, was appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023.[83] Butler is not running for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term.[15]
There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican.[84][85][86][87][88] Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing.[89]
Adam Schiff and Steve Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two.[89]
Due to California’s election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there will be two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.
Connecticut
Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He has announced he is running for a third term.[90] Beacon Falls First Selectman Gerry Smith announced his campaign in early February 2024.[91] The Republican primary was won by tavern owner Matthew Corey,[92] who was the Republican nominee in 2018.[93]
Delaware
Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he will be retiring, and will not run for a fifth term.[94]
Delaware’s at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.[95][96]
Term-limited governor John Carney was also considered a possible Democratic candidate.[94][97] Carney announced that he is running for mayor of Wilmington.[98]
Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen has announced his candidacy.[99]
Florida
Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term.[100] Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross and actor John Columbus are challenging Scott for the Republican nomination.[101][102]
Former U.S. representative Debbie Mucarsel-Powell is running for the Democratic nomination to challenge Scott.[103]
Hawaii
Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.[37] Former state representative Bob McDermott won a 6-candidate race to be the Republican nominee.[104]
Indiana
One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana.[8] U.S. representative Jim Banks is running unopposed after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified.[105]
Psychologist Valerie McCray defeated former state representative Marc Carmichael for the Democratic nomination.[106]
Maine
Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intends to run for a third term despite previously hinting that he may retire.[107]
Democratic consultant David Costello and dentist Demitroula Kouzounas, a former Maine Republican Party chair, each won their respective party primaries unopposed.[108] They will both face King in the general election in November.
Maryland
Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection.[109]
Prince George’s County Executive Angela Alsobrooks defeated U.S. representative David Trone for the Democratic nomination after a contentious primary, where Trone spent heavily from his personal wealth while Alsobrooks had the support of most elected Democrats.[110]
Former governor Larry Hogan easily defeated conservative former state delegate Robin Ficker for the Republican nomination.[111] A popular moderate known for his political independence, Hogan had previously declined to run,[112] but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline.[45]
Massachusetts
Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for reelection.[113]
Software company owner Robert Antonellis,[114] Quincy City Council president Ian Cain,[115] and attorney John Deaton[116] are running as Republicans.
Michigan
Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she will retire, and will not run for a fifth term.[13]
Representative Elissa Slotkin,[117] and state representative Leslie Love[118] have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat.[119] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.[120]
The primary took place on August 6, 2024. Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers, Justin Amash, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler[121] are running for the Republican nomination.[122][123][124][125]
Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan’s other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.[126]
The nominees are Slotkin and Rogers, who easily won their primaries as expected.
Minnesota
Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term.[37]
In the August 13 Republican primary, former NBA basketball player Royce White won an eight-candidate primary with 38% of the vote, with banker and retired U.S. Navy commander Joe Fraser finishing second with 29% of the vote[127]
Third party candidates consist of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy.[128]
Mississippi
Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from conservative state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin.[129] Wicker will face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election.[130]
Missouri
One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for reelection.[131]
Marine Veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Class III seat in 2022, won the Democratic nomination on August 6, 2024.[132]
Montana
Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[133]
Businessman and former Navy SEAL officer Tim Sheehy won the Republican nomination.[134] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, ran against Sheehy for the nomination in February[135] but withdrew from the race days later.[136]
Nebraska
There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.
Nebraska (regular)
Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.[137]
Dan Osborn, a union leader and steamfitter, is running as an independent. Since no Democrats have filed, the state party is considering supporting him.[138]
Nebraska (special)
Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.[139][17] Former Governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts and Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination.[140] Former University of Nebraska Omaha professor Preston Love Jr. is running as a Democrat.[141]
Nevada
One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.[37]
Veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown was declared the Republican nominee after winning the June 11 primary.[142] Brown easily won against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.
New Jersey
Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term.[143][144] On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges.[145] On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision and attempted to run for re-election as an Independent candidate.[146] Following his conviction on July 16, he announced that he would resign on August 20 and suspend his candidacy.[147][148] Governor Phil Murphy announced that day he would appoint George Helmy, his former chief of staff, to serve as the caretaker before the election.[149]
Financier and current first lady of New Jersey Tammy Murphy also ran for the Democratic nomination, but ended her campaign in March 2024.[150]
Mendham mayor Christine Serrano Glassner[151] and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw[152] ran for the Republican nomination.[153] On June 4, 2024, Bashaw won the Republican primary in an upset.[154]
New Mexico
Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He is running for a third term.[155] Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, whose father Pete served in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024.[156]
New York
Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She is running for a third full term.[157]
Former New York City Police detective Mike Sapraicone has declared his candidacy as a Republican.[158]
North Dakota
One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer, as of now, is running for re-election.[159]
Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022 is her party’s nominee.[59]
Ohio
Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term. He is also one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[160]
The Republican nominee is businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election.[161]
Pennsylvania
Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey is running for a fourth term.[162] He is being challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner.[163]
2022 Senate candidate David McCormick is running for the Republican nomination.[164][165][166][167][168][169] On September 30, 2023, the Pennsylvania Republican Party endorsed McCormick.[170]
Rhode Island
Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He is running for a fourth term. Republicans who have announced their candidacies include state representative Patricia Morgan[171] and IT professional Raymond McKay.[63]
Tennessee
One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection. The Democratic nominee is state representative Gloria Johnson.[172]
Texas
Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third term.[173]
The Democratic nominee is U.S. representative Colin Allred, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election.[174][175]
Utah
One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.[176]
The Republican nominee is U.S. representative John Curtis,[177] who defeated Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs,[178] and state House speaker Brad Wilson,[179] in the primary election.
The Democratic nominee is professional skier Caroline Gleich.[180]
Vermont
Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.[181] Businessman Gerald Malloy, who was the Republican nominee for the Senate in 2022, secured the Republican nomination unopposed.[182]
Virginia
Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term.[183] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, was considered a possible Republican candidate.[184]
On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.[185]
Washington
Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.
Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.[186]
West Virginia
Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek re-election.[12] Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets have since rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.
Popular Governor Jim Justice easily defeated U.S. representative Alex Mooney[187] in the Republican primary.
Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott, who has Manchin’s endorsement,[188] defeated community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in the primary for the Democratic Party nomination.[189]
Wisconsin
Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for reelection.[73] Californian hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke[190] was seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde’s bid, but never ended up beginning a campaign for Senate.[191][192]
Wyoming
Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. On April 19, 2024, Barrasso announced he would run for reelection.[193] Former Postal Union president Scott Morrow is the Democratic nominee.[194]
Barrasso easily defeated his Republican primary challengers John Holtz and Reid Rasner on August 20, 2024.[195]
See also
Notes
- ^ Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate; accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats without control of the vice presidency or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
- ^ a b All four independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Joe Manchin of West Virginia), caucus with the Senate Democrats.[1][2]
- ^ The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
- ^ The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
- ^ a b Sinema was elected as a Democrat and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
- ^ In both the regular election and the special election.
- ^ a b Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
- ^ a b Race to the WH counts independent Senators King and Sanders as Democrats.
- ^ Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023 to become president of the University of Florida.
- ^ a b Democrat Bob Menendez won with 54.0% of the vote in 2018, but resigned August 20, 2024 due to criminal convictions.[32]
- ^ Manchin was elected as a Democrat and switched to being an independent in May 2024.
- ^ Democratic total includes Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ Manchin was originally elected as a Democrat. He became an independent in May 2024.
- ^ In October 2023, Butler was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dianne Feinstein.
References
- ^ 2023 Congressional Record, Vol. 169, Page S22 (January 3, 2023)
- ^ Svitek, Patrick. “Manchin changes party registration to independent, fueling speculation”. Washington Post. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
Manchin joins three other members of the Senate who identify as independents: Senators Bernie Sanders (Vermont), Angus King (Maine) and Kyrsten Sinema (Arizona), who caucus with Democrats. A Manchin spokesperson said he will continue to caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ “Class I – Senators Whose Term of Service Expire in 2025”. United States Senate. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
Class I terms run from the beginning of the 116th Congress on January 3, 2019, to the end of the 118th Congress on January 3, 2025. Senators in Class I were elected to office in the November 2018 general election, unless they took their seat through appointment or special election.
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